gnutls.c

/*
 * OpenConnect (SSL + DTLS) VPN client
 *
 * Copyright © 2008-2015 Intel Corporation.
 *
 * Author: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * version 2.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <config.h>

#include "openconnect-internal.h"

#include "gnutls.h"

#include <gnutls/gnutls.h>
#include <gnutls/x509.h>
#include <gnutls/crypto.h>
#include <gnutls/pkcs12.h>
#include <gnutls/abstract.h>

#ifdef HAVE_P11KIT
#include <p11-kit/p11-kit.h>
#include <p11-kit/pkcs11.h>
#include <p11-kit/pin.h>
#endif

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
static int gnutls_pin_callback(void *priv, int attempt, const char *uri,
			       const char *token_label, unsigned int flags,
			       char *pin, size_t pin_max);
#endif /* HAVE_P11KIT || HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS */

/* GnuTLS 2.x lacked this. But GNUTLS_E_UNEXPECTED_PACKET_LENGTH basically
 * does the same thing.
 * https://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/openconnect-devel/2014-March/001726.html
 */
#ifndef GNUTLS_E_PREMATURE_TERMINATION
#define GNUTLS_E_PREMATURE_TERMINATION GNUTLS_E_UNEXPECTED_PACKET_LENGTH
#endif

/* GnuTLS 3.5.0 added this flag to send a client cert, even if its issuer is
 * mismatched to the list of issuers requested by the server. OpenSSL does
 * this by default.
 * https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/1411
 */
#ifndef GNUTLS_FORCE_CLIENT_CERT
#define GNUTLS_FORCE_CLIENT_CERT 0
#endif

static char tls_library_version[32] = "";

const char *openconnect_get_tls_library_version(void)
{
	if (!*tls_library_version) {
		snprintf(tls_library_version, sizeof(tls_library_version), "GnuTLS %s",
		         gnutls_check_version(NULL));
	}
	return tls_library_version;
}

int can_enable_insecure_crypto(void)
{
	/* XX: As of GnuTLS 3.6.13, no released version has (yet) removed 3DES/RC4 from default builds,
	 * but like OpenSSL (removed in 1.1.0) it may happen. */
	if (gnutls_cipher_get_id("3DES-CBC") == GNUTLS_CIPHER_UNKNOWN ||
	    gnutls_cipher_get_id("ARCFOUR-128") == GNUTLS_CIPHER_UNKNOWN)
		return -ENOENT;
	return 0;
}

/* Helper functions for reading/writing lines over TLS/DTLS. */
static int _openconnect_gnutls_write(gnutls_session_t ses, int fd, struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	size_t orig_len = len;

	while (len) {
		int done = gnutls_record_send(ses, buf, len);
		if (done > 0)
			len -= done;
		else if (done == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || done == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED) {
			/* Wait for something to happen on the socket, or on cmd_fd */
			fd_set wr_set, rd_set;
			int maxfd = fd;

			FD_ZERO(&wr_set);
			FD_ZERO(&rd_set);

			if (gnutls_record_get_direction(ses))
				FD_SET(fd, &wr_set);
			else
				FD_SET(fd, &rd_set);

			cmd_fd_set(vpninfo, &rd_set, &maxfd);
			while (select(maxfd + 1, &rd_set, &wr_set, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
				if (errno != EINTR) {
					vpn_perror(vpninfo, _("Failed select() for TLS"));
					return -EIO;
				}
			}
			if (is_cancel_pending(vpninfo, &rd_set)) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("TLS/DTLS write cancelled\n"));
				return -EINTR;
			}
		} else {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Failed to write to TLS/DTLS socket: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(done));
			return -EIO;
		}
	}
	return orig_len;
}

static int openconnect_gnutls_write(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	return _openconnect_gnutls_write(vpninfo->https_sess, vpninfo->ssl_fd, vpninfo, buf, len);
}

int openconnect_dtls_write(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, void *buf, size_t len)
{
	return _openconnect_gnutls_write(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, vpninfo->dtls_fd, vpninfo, buf, len);
}

static int _openconnect_gnutls_read(gnutls_session_t ses, int fd, struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *buf, size_t len, unsigned ms)
{
	int done, ret;
	struct timeval timeout, *tv = NULL;

	if (ms) {
		timeout.tv_sec = ms/1000;
		timeout.tv_usec = (ms%1000)*1000;
		tv = &timeout;
	}

	while ((done = gnutls_record_recv(ses, buf, len)) < 0) {
		if (done == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || done == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED) {
			/* Wait for something to happen on the socket, or on cmd_fd */
			fd_set wr_set, rd_set;
			int maxfd = fd;

			FD_ZERO(&wr_set);
			FD_ZERO(&rd_set);

			if (gnutls_record_get_direction(ses))
				FD_SET(fd, &wr_set);
			else
				FD_SET(fd, &rd_set);

			cmd_fd_set(vpninfo, &rd_set, &maxfd);
			while ((ret = select(maxfd + 1, &rd_set, &wr_set, NULL, tv)) < 0) {
				if (errno != EINTR) {
					vpn_perror(vpninfo, _("Failed select() for TLS/DTLS"));
					return -EIO;
				}
			}

			if (is_cancel_pending(vpninfo, &rd_set)) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("TLS/DTLS read cancelled\n"));
				done = -EINTR;
				goto cleanup;
			}

			if (ret == 0) {
				done = -ETIMEDOUT;
				goto cleanup;
			}
		} else if (done == GNUTLS_E_PREMATURE_TERMINATION) {
			/* We've seen this with HTTP 1.0 responses followed by abrupt
			   socket closure and no clean SSL shutdown.
			   https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1225276 */
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG, _("TLS/DTLS socket closed uncleanly\n"));
			done = 0;
			goto cleanup;
		} else if (done == GNUTLS_E_REHANDSHAKE) {
			int ret = cstp_handshake(vpninfo, 0);
			if (ret) {
				done = ret;
				goto cleanup;
			}
		} else {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Failed to read from TLS/DTLS socket: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(done));
			if (done == GNUTLS_E_TIMEDOUT) {
				done = -ETIMEDOUT;
				goto cleanup;
			} else {
				done = -EIO;
				goto cleanup;
			}
		}

	}

 cleanup:
	return done;

}

static int openconnect_gnutls_read(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	return _openconnect_gnutls_read(vpninfo->https_sess, vpninfo->ssl_fd, vpninfo, buf, len, 0);
}

int openconnect_dtls_read(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, void *buf, size_t len, unsigned ms)
{
	return _openconnect_gnutls_read(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, vpninfo->dtls_fd, vpninfo, buf, len, ms);
}

static int openconnect_gnutls_gets(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	int i = 0;
	int ret;

	if (len < 2)
		return -EINVAL;

	while (1) {
		ret = gnutls_record_recv(vpninfo->https_sess, buf + i, 1);
		if (ret == 1) {
			if (buf[i] == '\n') {
				buf[i] = 0;
				if (i && buf[i-1] == '\r') {
					buf[i-1] = 0;
					i--;
				}
				return i;
			}
			i++;

			if (i >= len - 1) {
				buf[i] = 0;
				return i;
			}
		} else if (ret == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || ret == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED) {
			/* Wait for something to happen on the socket, or on cmd_fd */
			fd_set rd_set, wr_set;
			int maxfd = vpninfo->ssl_fd;

			FD_ZERO(&rd_set);
			FD_ZERO(&wr_set);

			if (gnutls_record_get_direction(vpninfo->https_sess))
				FD_SET(vpninfo->ssl_fd, &wr_set);
			else
				FD_SET(vpninfo->ssl_fd, &rd_set);

			cmd_fd_set(vpninfo, &rd_set, &maxfd);
			while (select(maxfd + 1, &rd_set, &wr_set, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
				if (errno != EINTR) {
					vpn_perror(vpninfo, _("Failed select() for TLS"));
					return -EIO;
				}
			}
			if (is_cancel_pending(vpninfo, &rd_set)) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("TLS/DTLS read cancelled\n"));
				ret = -EINTR;
				break;
			}
		} else if (ret == GNUTLS_E_REHANDSHAKE) {
			ret = cstp_handshake(vpninfo, 0);
			if (ret)
				return ret;
		} else {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Failed to read from TLS/DTLS socket: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(ret));
			ret = -EIO;
			break;
		}
	}
	buf[i] = 0;
	return i ?: ret;
}

int ssl_nonblock_read(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, int dtls, void *buf, int maxlen)
{
	gnutls_session_t sess = dtls ? vpninfo->dtls_ssl : vpninfo->https_sess;
	int ret;

	if (!sess) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Attempted to read from non-existent %s session\n"),
			     dtls ? "DTLS" : "TLS");
		return -1;
	}

	ret = gnutls_record_recv(sess, buf, maxlen);
	if (ret > 0)
		return ret;

	if (ret == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || ret == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED)
		return 0;

	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Read error on %s session: %s\n"),
		     dtls ? "DTLS" : "SSL", gnutls_strerror(ret));
	return -1;
}

int ssl_nonblock_write(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, int dtls, void *buf, int buflen)
{
	gnutls_session_t sess = dtls ? vpninfo->dtls_ssl : vpninfo->https_sess;
	int ret;

	if (!sess) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Attempted to write to non-existent %s session\n"),
			     dtls ? "DTLS" : "TLS");
		return -1;
	}

	ret = gnutls_record_send(sess, buf, buflen);
	if (ret > 0)
		return ret;

	if (ret == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || ret == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED) {
		/*
		 * Before 3.3.13, GnuTLS could return zero instead of one,
		 * indicating that it was waiting for a read when in fact
		 * it was waiting for a write. That caused us to block for
		 * ever, waiting for the read that it said it wanted.
		 *
		 * So instead, just *assume* it actually wants a write.
		 * Which is true most of the time, and on the rare occasion
		 * that it *isn't* true, the failure mode will just be that
		 * we keep waking up and calling GnuTLS again until the read
		 * that it's waiting for does arrive.
		 */
		if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03030d ||
		    gnutls_record_get_direction(sess)) {
			/* Waiting for the socket to become writable — it's
			   probably stalled, and/or the buffers are full */
			if (dtls)
				monitor_write_fd(vpninfo, dtls);
			else
				monitor_write_fd(vpninfo, ssl);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Write error on %s session: %s\n"),
		     dtls ? "DTLS" : "SSL", gnutls_strerror(ret));
	return -1;
}

static int check_certificate_expiry(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, struct cert_info *certinfo,
				    gnutls_x509_crt_t cert)
{
	const char *reason = NULL;
	time_t expires = gnutls_x509_crt_get_expiration_time(cert);
	time_t now = time(NULL);

	if (expires == -1) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Could not extract expiration time of certificate\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (expires < now)
		reason = certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Client certificate has expired at"),
					 _("Secondary client certificate has expired at"));
	else if (expires < now + vpninfo->cert_expire_warning)
		reason = certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Client certificate expires soon at"),
					 _("Secondary client certificate expires soon at"));

	if (reason) {
		char buf[80];
#ifdef _WIN32
		/*
		 * Windows doesn't have gmtime_r but apparently its gmtime()
		 * *is* thread-safe because it uses a per-thread static buffer.
		 * cf. https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/bugs/1625/
		 *
		 * We also explicitly say 'GMT' because %Z would give us the
		 * Microsoft stupidity "GMT Standard Time". Which is not only
		 * silly, but also ambiguous because Windows actually says that
		 * even when it means British Summer Time (GMT+1). And having
		 * used gmtime() we really *are* giving the time in GMT.
		 */
		struct tm *tm = gmtime(&expires);
		strftime(buf, 80, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", tm);
#else
		struct tm tm;

		gmtime_r(&expires, &tm);
		strftime(buf, 80, "%a, %d %b %Y %T %Z", &tm);
#endif
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "%s: %s\n", reason, buf);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int load_datum(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
		      gnutls_datum_t *datum, const char *fname)
{
	struct stat st;
	int fd;

#ifdef ANDROID_KEYSTORE
	if (!strncmp(fname, "keystore:", 9)) {
		int len;
		const char *p = fname + 9;

		/* Skip first two slashes if the user has given it as
		   keystore://foo ... */
		if (*p == '/')
			p++;
		if (*p == '/')
			p++;
		len = keystore_fetch(p, &datum->data);
		if (len <= 0) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to load item '%s' from keystore: %s\n"),
				     p, keystore_strerror(len));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		datum->size = len;
		return 0;
	}
#endif /* ANDROID_KEYSTORE */

	fd = openconnect_open_utf8(vpninfo, fname, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_BINARY);
	if (fd == -1) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to open key/certificate file %s: %s\n"),
			     fname, strerror(errno));
		return -ENOENT;
	}
	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to stat key/certificate file %s: %s\n"),
			     fname, strerror(errno));
		close(fd);
		return -EIO;
	}
	datum->size = st.st_size;
	datum->data = gnutls_malloc(st.st_size + 1);
	if (!datum->data) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to allocate certificate buffer\n"));
		close(fd);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	errno = EAGAIN;
	if (read(fd, datum->data, datum->size) != datum->size) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to read certificate into memory: %s\n"),
			     strerror(errno));
		close(fd);
		gnutls_free(datum->data);
		return -EIO;
	}
	datum->data[st.st_size] = 0;
	close(fd);
	return 0;
}

/* A non-zero, non-error return to make load_certificate() continue and
   interpreting the file as other types */
#define NOT_PKCS12	1

static int load_pkcs12_certificate(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				   struct cert_info *certinfo,
				   gnutls_datum_t *datum,
				   gnutls_x509_privkey_t *key,
				   gnutls_x509_crt_t **chain,
				   unsigned int *chain_len,
				   gnutls_x509_crt_t **extra_certs,
				   unsigned int *extra_certs_len,
				   gnutls_x509_crl_t *crl)
{
	gnutls_pkcs12_t p12;
	char *pass;
	int err;

	err = gnutls_pkcs12_init(&p12);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to setup PKCS#12 data structure: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EIO;
	}

	err = gnutls_pkcs12_import(p12, datum, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, 0);
	if (err) {
		gnutls_pkcs12_deinit(p12);
		return NOT_PKCS12;
	}

	pass = certinfo->password;
	while ((err = gnutls_pkcs12_verify_mac(p12, pass)) == GNUTLS_E_MAC_VERIFY_FAILED) {
		if (!pass) {
			/* OpenSSL's PKCS12_parse() code will try both NULL and "" automatically,
			 * but GnuTLS requires two separate attempts. */
			err = gnutls_pkcs12_verify_mac(p12, "");
			if (!err) {
				pass = strdup("");
				break;
			}
		} else
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to decrypt PKCS#12 certificate file\n"));
		free_pass(&pass);
		certinfo->password = NULL;
		err = request_passphrase(vpninfo,
					 certinfo_string(certinfo, "openconnect_pkcs12",
							 "openconnect_secondary_pkcs12"),
					 &pass,
					 certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Enter PKCS#12 pass phrase:"),
							 _("Enter secondary PKCS#12 pass phrase:")));
		if (err) {
			gnutls_pkcs12_deinit(p12);
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}
	/* If it wasn't GNUTLS_E_MAC_VERIFY_FAILED, then the problem wasn't just a
	   bad password. Give up. */
	if (err) {
		int level = PRG_ERR;
		int ret = -EINVAL;

		gnutls_pkcs12_deinit(p12);

		/* If the first attempt, and we didn't know for sure it was PKCS#12
		   anyway, bail out and try loading it as something different. */
		if (pass == certinfo->password) {
			/* Make it non-fatal... */
			level = PRG_DEBUG;
			ret = NOT_PKCS12;
		}

		vpn_progress(vpninfo, level,
			     _("Failed to process PKCS#12 file: %s\n"),
			       gnutls_strerror(err));
		return ret;
	}
	err = gnutls_pkcs12_simple_parse(p12, pass, key, chain, chain_len,
					 extra_certs, extra_certs_len, crl, 0);
	free_pass(&pass);
	certinfo->password = NULL;

	gnutls_pkcs12_deinit(p12);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Failed to load PKCS#12 certificate: %s\n"),
					     _("Failed to load secondary PKCS#12 certificate: %s\n")),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int count_x509_certificates(gnutls_datum_t *datum)
{
	int count = 0;
	char *p = (char *)datum->data;

	while (p) {
		p = strstr(p, "-----BEGIN ");
		if (!p)
			break;
		p += 11;
		if (!strncmp(p, "CERTIFICATE", 11) ||
		    !strncmp(p, "X509 CERTIFICATE", 16))
			count++;
	}
	return count;
}

static int get_cert_name(gnutls_x509_crt_t cert, char *name, size_t namelen)
{
	/* When the name buffer is not big enough, gnutls_x509_crt_get_dn*() will
	 * update the length argument to the required size, and return
	 * GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER. We need to avoid clobbering the original
	 * length variable. */
	size_t nl = namelen;
	if (gnutls_x509_crt_get_dn_by_oid(cert, GNUTLS_OID_X520_COMMON_NAME,
					  0, 0, name, &nl)) {
		nl = namelen;
		if (gnutls_x509_crt_get_dn(cert, name, &nl)) {
			name[namelen-1] = 0;
			snprintf(name, namelen-1, "<unknown>");
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_TROUSERS) || defined(HAVE_TSS2) || defined (HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
static int verify_signed_data(gnutls_pubkey_t pubkey, gnutls_privkey_t privkey,
			      gnutls_digest_algorithm_t dig,
			      const gnutls_datum_t *data, const gnutls_datum_t *sig)
{
	gnutls_sign_algorithm_t algo;
	unsigned flags = 0;
#ifdef GNUTLS_VERIFY_ALLOW_BROKEN
	flags |= GNUTLS_VERIFY_ALLOW_BROKEN;
#endif

	algo = gnutls_pk_to_sign(gnutls_privkey_get_pk_algorithm(privkey, NULL),
				 dig);

	return gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey, algo, flags, data, sig);
}
#endif /* (P11KIT || TROUSERS || TSS2 || SYSTEM_KEYS) */

static int openssl_hash_password(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, char *pass,
				 gnutls_datum_t *key, gnutls_datum_t *salt)
{
	unsigned char md5[16];
	gnutls_hash_hd_t hash;
	int count = 0;
	int err;

	while (count < key->size) {
		err = gnutls_hash_init(&hash, GNUTLS_DIG_MD5);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Could not initialise MD5 hash: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			return -EIO;
		}
		if (count) {
			err = gnutls_hash(hash, md5, sizeof(md5));
			if (err) {
			hash_err:
				gnutls_hash_deinit(hash, NULL);
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("MD5 hash error: %s\n"),
					     gnutls_strerror(err));
				return -EIO;
			}
		}
		if (pass) {
			err = gnutls_hash(hash, pass, strlen(pass));
			if (err)
				goto hash_err;
		}
		/* We only use the first 8 bytes of the salt for this */
		err = gnutls_hash(hash, salt->data, 8);
		if (err)
			goto hash_err;

		gnutls_hash_deinit(hash, md5);

		if (key->size - count <= sizeof(md5)) {
			memcpy(&key->data[count], md5, key->size - count);
			break;
		}

		memcpy(&key->data[count], md5, sizeof(md5));
		count += sizeof(md5);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int import_openssl_pem(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, struct cert_info *certinfo,
			      gnutls_x509_privkey_t key,
			      char type, char *pem_header, size_t pem_size)
{
	gnutls_cipher_hd_t handle;
	gnutls_cipher_algorithm_t cipher;
	gnutls_datum_t constructed_pem;
	gnutls_datum_t b64_data;
	gnutls_datum_t salt, enc_key;
	unsigned char *key_data;
	const char *begin;
	char *pass, *p;
	char *pem_start = pem_header;
	int ret, err, i;

	if (type == 'E')
		begin = "EC PRIVATE KEY";
	else if (type == 'R')
		begin = "RSA PRIVATE KEY";
	else if (type == 'D')
		begin = "DSA PRIVATE KEY";
	else
		return -EINVAL;

	while (*pem_header == '\r' || *pem_header == '\n')
		pem_header++;

	if (strncmp(pem_header, "DEK-Info: ", 10)) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Missing DEK-Info: header from OpenSSL encrypted key\n"));
		return -EIO;
	}
	pem_header += 10;
	p = strchr(pem_header, ',');
	if (!p) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Cannot determine PEM encryption type\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	*p = 0;
	cipher = gnutls_cipher_get_id(pem_header);
	/* GnuTLS calls this '3DES-CBC' but all other names match */
	if (cipher == GNUTLS_CIPHER_UNKNOWN &&
	    !strcmp(pem_header, "DES-EDE3-CBC"))
		cipher = GNUTLS_CIPHER_3DES_CBC;

	if (cipher == GNUTLS_CIPHER_UNKNOWN) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Unsupported PEM encryption type: %s\n"),
			     pem_header);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	pem_header = p + 1;

	/* No supported algorithms have an IV larger than this, and dynamically
	   allocating it would be painful. */
	salt.size = 64;
	salt.data = malloc(salt.size);
	if (!salt.data)
		return -ENOMEM;
	for (i = 0; i < salt.size * 2; i++) {
		unsigned char x;
		char *c = &pem_header[i];

		if (*c >= '0' && *c <= '9')
			x = (*c) - '0';
		else if (*c >= 'A' && *c <= 'F')
			x = (*c) - 'A' + 10;
		else if ((*c == '\r' || *c == '\n') && i >= 16 && !(i % 16)) {
			salt.size = i / 2;
			break;
		} else {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Invalid salt in encrypted PEM file\n"));
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out_salt;
		}
		if (i & 1)
			salt.data[i/2] |= x;
		else
			salt.data[i/2] = x << 4;
	}

	pem_header += salt.size * 2;
	if (*pem_header != '\r' && *pem_header != '\n') {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Invalid salt in encrypted PEM file\n"));
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out_salt;
	}
	while (*pem_header == '\n' || *pem_header == '\r')
		pem_header++;

	/* pem_header should now point to the start of the base64 content.
	   Put a -----BEGIN banner in place before it, so that we can use
	   gnutls_pem_base64_decode_alloc(). The banner has to match the
	   -----END banner, so make sure we get it right... */
	pem_header -= 6;
	memcpy(pem_header, "-----\n", 6);
	pem_header -= strlen(begin);
	memcpy(pem_header, begin, strlen(begin));
	pem_header -= 11;
	memcpy(pem_header, "-----BEGIN ", 11);

	constructed_pem.data = (void *)pem_header;
	constructed_pem.size = pem_size - (pem_header - pem_start);

	err = gnutls_pem_base64_decode_alloc(begin, &constructed_pem, &b64_data);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Error base64-decoding encrypted PEM file: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out_salt;
	}
	if (b64_data.size < 16) {
		/* Just to be sure our parsing is OK */
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Encrypted PEM file too short\n"));
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out_b64;
	}

	ret = -ENOMEM;
	enc_key.size = gnutls_cipher_get_key_size(cipher);
	enc_key.data = malloc(enc_key.size);
	if (!enc_key.data)
		goto out_b64;

	key_data = malloc(b64_data.size);
	if (!key_data)
		goto out_enc_key;

	pass = certinfo->password;
	certinfo->password = NULL;

	while (1) {
		memcpy(key_data, b64_data.data, b64_data.size);

		ret = openssl_hash_password(vpninfo, pass, &enc_key, &salt);
		if (ret)
			goto out;

		err = gnutls_cipher_init(&handle, cipher, &enc_key, &salt);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to initialise cipher for decrypting PEM file: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			gnutls_cipher_deinit(handle);
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		err = gnutls_cipher_decrypt(handle, key_data, b64_data.size);
		gnutls_cipher_deinit(handle);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to decrypt PEM key: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		/* We have to strip any padding for GnuTLS to accept it.
		   So a bit more ASN.1 parsing for us.
		   FIXME: Consolidate with similar code in gnutls_tpm.c */
		if (key_data[0] == 0x30) {
			gnutls_datum_t key_datum;
			int blocksize = gnutls_cipher_get_block_size(cipher);
			int keylen = key_data[1];
			int ofs = 2;

			if (keylen & 0x80) {
				int lenlen = keylen & 0x7f;
				keylen = 0;

				if (lenlen > 3)
					goto fail;

				while (lenlen) {
					keylen <<= 8;
					keylen |= key_data[ofs++];
					lenlen--;
				}
			}
			keylen += ofs;

			/* If there appears to be more or less padding than required, fail */
			if (b64_data.size - keylen > blocksize || b64_data.size < keylen + 1)
				goto fail;

			/* If the padding bytes aren't all equal to the amount of padding, fail */
			ofs = keylen;
			while (ofs < b64_data.size) {
				if (key_data[ofs] != b64_data.size - keylen)
					goto fail;
				ofs++;
			}

			key_datum.data = key_data;
			key_datum.size = keylen;
			err = gnutls_x509_privkey_import(key, &key_datum, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER);
			if (!err) {
				ret = 0;
				goto out;
			}
		}
 fail:
		if (pass) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,  _("Decrypting PEM key failed\n"));
			free_pass(&pass);
		}
		err = request_passphrase(vpninfo,
					 certinfo_string(certinfo, "openconnect_pem",
							 "openconnect_secondary_pem"),
					 &pass,
					 certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Enter PEM pass phrase:"),
							 _("Enter secondary PEM pass phrase:")));
		if (err) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
	}
 out:
	free(key_data);
	free_pass(&pass);
 out_enc_key:
	free(enc_key.data);
 out_b64:
	free(b64_data.data);
 out_salt:
	free(salt.data);
	return ret;
}

static void fill_token_info(char *buf, size_t s, unsigned char *dst, size_t dstlen)
{
	if (s && !gtls_ver(3,6,0))
		s--;
	if (s > dstlen)
		s = dstlen;
	memcpy(dst, buf, s);
	if (s < dstlen)
		memset(dst + s, ' ', dstlen - s);
}

struct gtls_cert_info {
	gnutls_x509_crl_t crl;
	gnutls_privkey_t pkey;
	gnutls_x509_crt_t *certs;
	unsigned int nr_certs;
};

void unload_certificate(struct cert_info *certinfo, int final)
{
	if (!certinfo)
		return;

	if (certinfo->priv_info) {
		struct gtls_cert_info *gci = certinfo->priv_info;

		certinfo->priv_info = NULL;
		gnutls_x509_crl_deinit(gci->crl);
		gnutls_privkey_deinit(gci->pkey);
		for (size_t i = 0, end = gci->nr_certs; i < end; i++)
			gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(gci->certs[i]);
		gnutls_free(gci->certs);
		free(gci);
	}

	if (final) {
#if defined(OPENCONNECT_GNUTLS) && defined(HAVE_TROUSERS)
		release_tpm1_ctx(certinfo->vpninfo, certinfo);
#endif
#if defined(OPENCONNECT_GNUTLS) && defined(HAVE_TSS2)
		release_tpm2_ctx(certinfo->vpninfo, certinfo);
#endif
	}
}

static int import_cert(gnutls_x509_crt_t *cert, const gnutls_datum_t *der)
{
	gnutls_x509_crt_t crt = NULL;
	int ret;

	if (!cert)
		return GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST;

	ret = gnutls_x509_crt_init(&crt);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto done;

	ret = gnutls_x509_crt_import(crt, der, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER);
	if (ret < 0) {
		gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(crt);
		crt = NULL;
	}

done:
	*cert = crt;
	return ret;
}

static int copy_cert(gnutls_x509_crt_t *cert_copy, gnutls_x509_crt_t cert)
{
	gnutls_datum_t data = { NULL, 0 };
	gnutls_x509_crt_t copy = NULL;
	int ret;

	if (!cert_copy)
		return GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST;

	ret = gnutls_x509_crt_export2(cert, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, &data);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto done;

	ret = import_cert(&copy, &data);
	gnutls_free(data.data);

done:
	*cert_copy = copy;
	return ret;
}

static int check_multicert_compat(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, struct cert_info *certinfo);

int load_certificate(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, struct cert_info *certinfo, int flags)
{
	gnutls_datum_t fdata;
#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_TROUSERS) || defined(HAVE_TSS2) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
	gnutls_datum_t pkey_sig = {NULL, 0};
	void *dummy_hash_data = &load_certificate;
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
	char *cert_url = (char *)certinfo->cert;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_P11KIT
	char *key_url = (char *)certinfo->key;
	gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_t p11key = NULL;
#endif
	char *pem_header;
	gnutls_x509_crt_t last_cert, cert = NULL;
	gnutls_x509_crt_t *extra_certs = NULL;
	unsigned int nr_extra_certs = 0;
	int err; /* GnuTLS error */
	int ret;
	int i;
	int cert_is_p11 = 0, key_is_p11 = 0;
	int cert_is_sys = 0, key_is_sys = 0;
	unsigned char key_id[20];
	size_t key_id_size = sizeof(key_id);
	char name[80];
	gnutls_x509_privkey_t x509key = NULL;
	struct gtls_cert_info *gci = NULL;

	certinfo->vpninfo = vpninfo;
	fdata.data = NULL;

	key_is_p11 = !strncmp(certinfo->key, "pkcs11:", 7);
	cert_is_p11 = !strncmp(certinfo->cert, "pkcs11:", 7);

	/* GnuTLS returns true for pkcs11:, tpmkey:, system:, and custom URLs. */
	key_is_sys = !key_is_p11 && gnutls_url_is_supported(certinfo->key);
	cert_is_sys = !cert_is_p11 && gnutls_url_is_supported(certinfo->cert);

#ifndef HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS
	if (key_is_sys || cert_is_sys) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("This binary built without system key support\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
	}
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_P11KIT
	if (key_is_p11 || cert_is_p11) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("This binary built without PKCS#11 support\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
	}
#else
	/* Install PIN handler if either certificate or key are coming from PKCS#11 */
	if (key_is_p11 || cert_is_p11) {
		CK_OBJECT_CLASS class;
		CK_ATTRIBUTE attr;
		P11KitUri *uri;
		uri = p11_kit_uri_new();

		attr.type = CKA_CLASS;
		attr.pValue = &class;
		attr.ulValueLen = sizeof(class);

		/* Add appropriate pin-source and object-type attributes to
		   both certificate and key URLs, unless they already exist. */
		if (cert_is_p11 &&
		    !p11_kit_uri_parse(cert_url, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, uri)) {
			if (!p11_kit_uri_get_attribute(uri, CKA_CLASS)) {
				class = CKO_CERTIFICATE;
				p11_kit_uri_set_attribute(uri, &attr);
			}
			p11_kit_uri_format(uri, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, &cert_url);
		}

		if (key_is_p11 &&
		    !p11_kit_uri_parse(key_url, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, uri)) {
			if (certinfo->key == certinfo->cert ||
			    !p11_kit_uri_get_attribute(uri, CKA_CLASS)) {
				class = CKO_PRIVATE_KEY;
				p11_kit_uri_set_attribute(uri, &attr);
			}
			p11_kit_uri_format(uri, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, &key_url);
		}

		p11_kit_uri_free(uri);
	}
#endif /* HAVE_PKCS11 */

	certinfo->priv_info = gci = calloc(1, sizeof(*gci));
	if (!gci) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

#if defined (HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
	/* Load certificate(s) first... */
	if (cert_is_p11 || cert_is_sys) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
			     cert_is_p11 ? _("Using PKCS#11 certificate %s\n") :
			     _("Using system certificate %s\n"), cert_url);

		err = gnutls_x509_crt_init(&cert);
		if (err) {
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto out;
		}

		gnutls_x509_crt_set_pin_function(cert, gnutls_pin_callback, certinfo);

		/* Yes, even for *system* URLs the only API GnuTLS offers us is
		   ...import_pkcs11_url(). */
		err = gnutls_x509_crt_import_pkcs11_url(cert, cert_url, 0);
		if (err == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE)
			err = gnutls_x509_crt_import_pkcs11_url(cert, cert_url,
								GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_FLAG_LOGIN);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     cert_is_p11 ? _("Error loading certificate from PKCS#11: %s\n") :
				     _("Error loading system certificate: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
		goto got_certs;
	}
#endif /* HAVE_P11KIT || HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS */

	/* OK, not a PKCS#11 certificate so it must be coming from a file... */
	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
		     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Using certificate file %s\n"),
				     _("Using secondary certificate file %s\n")),
		     certinfo->cert);

	/* Load file contents */
	ret = load_datum(vpninfo, &fdata, certinfo->cert);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* Is it PKCS#12? */
	if (!key_is_p11) {
		/* PKCS#12 should actually contain certificates *and* private key */
		ret = load_pkcs12_certificate(vpninfo, certinfo, &fdata, &x509key,
					      &gci->certs, &gci->nr_certs,
					      &extra_certs, &nr_extra_certs,
					      &gci->crl);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto out;
		else if (!ret) {
			if (gci->nr_certs) {
				cert = gci->certs[0];
				goto got_key;
			}
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("PKCS#11 file contained no certificate\n"));
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}

		/* It returned NOT_PKCS12.
		   Fall through to try PEM formats. */
	}

	/* We need to know how many there are in *advance*; it won't just allocate
	   the array for us :( */
	nr_extra_certs = count_x509_certificates(&fdata);
	if (!nr_extra_certs)
		nr_extra_certs = 1; /* wtf? Oh well, we'll fail later... */

	extra_certs = gnutls_calloc(nr_extra_certs, sizeof(cert));
	if (!extra_certs) {
		nr_extra_certs = 0;
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	err = gnutls_x509_crt_list_import(extra_certs, &nr_extra_certs, &fdata,
					  GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM, 0);
	if (err <= 0) {
		const char *reason;
		if (!err || err == GNUTLS_E_NO_CERTIFICATE_FOUND)
			reason = _("No certificate found in file");
		else
			reason = gnutls_strerror(err);

		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Loading certificate failed: %s\n"),
					     _("Loading secondary certificate failed: %s\n")),
			     reason);
		nr_extra_certs = 0;
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}
	nr_extra_certs = err;

	goto got_certs;
 got_certs:
	/* Now we have either a single certificate in 'cert', or an array of
	   them in extra_certs[]. Next we look for the private key ... */
#ifdef HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS
	if (key_is_sys) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
			     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Using system key %s\n"),
					     _("Using secondary system key %s\n")),
			     certinfo->key);

		err = gnutls_privkey_init(&gci->pkey);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error initialising private key structure: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		gnutls_privkey_set_pin_function(gci->pkey, gnutls_pin_callback, certinfo);

		err = gnutls_privkey_import_url(gci->pkey, certinfo->key, 0);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error importing system key %s: %s\n"),
				     certinfo->key, gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
		goto match_cert;
	}
#endif /* HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS */
#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT)
	if (key_is_p11) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
			     _("Trying PKCS#11 key URL %s\n"), key_url);

		err = gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_init(&p11key);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error initialising PKCS#11 key structure: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_set_pin_function(p11key, gnutls_pin_callback, certinfo);

		err = gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_import_url(p11key, key_url, 0);

		/* Annoyingly, some tokens don't even admit the *existence* of
		   the key until they're logged in. And thus a search doesn't
		   work unless it specifies the *token* too. But if the URI for
		   key and cert are the same, and the cert was found, then we
		   can work out what token the *cert* was found in and try that
		   before we give up... */
		if (err == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE &&
		    certinfo->cert == certinfo->key) {
			gnutls_pkcs11_obj_t crt;
			P11KitUri *uri;
			CK_TOKEN_INFO *token;
			char buf[65];
			size_t s;

			if (gnutls_pkcs11_obj_init(&crt))
				goto key_err;
			if (gnutls_pkcs11_obj_import_url(crt, cert_url, 0))
				goto key_err_obj;
			uri = p11_kit_uri_new();
			if (!uri)
				goto key_err_obj;
			if (p11_kit_uri_parse(key_url, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, uri))
				goto key_err_uri;
			token = p11_kit_uri_get_token_info(uri);
			if (!token)
				goto key_err_uri;

			if (!token->label[0]) {
				s = sizeof(token->label) + 1;
				if (!gnutls_pkcs11_obj_get_info(crt, GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_TOKEN_LABEL,
								buf, &s))
					fill_token_info(buf, s, token->label, sizeof(token->label));
			}
			if (!token->manufacturerID[0]) {
				s = sizeof(token->manufacturerID) + 1;
				if (!gnutls_pkcs11_obj_get_info(crt, GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_TOKEN_MANUFACTURER,
								buf, &s))
					fill_token_info(buf, s, token->manufacturerID, sizeof(token->manufacturerID));
			}
			if (!token->model[0]) {
				s = sizeof(token->model) + 1;
				if (!gnutls_pkcs11_obj_get_info(crt, GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_TOKEN_MODEL,
								buf, &s))
					fill_token_info(buf, s, token->model, sizeof(token->model));
			}
			if (!token->serialNumber[0]) {
				s = sizeof(token->serialNumber) + 1;
				if (!gnutls_pkcs11_obj_get_info(crt, GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_TOKEN_SERIAL,
								buf, &s))
					fill_token_info(buf, s, token->serialNumber, sizeof(token->serialNumber));
			}

			free(key_url);
			key_url = NULL;
			if (p11_kit_uri_format(uri, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, &key_url))
				goto key_err_uri;

			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
				     _("Trying PKCS#11 key URL %s\n"), key_url);
			err = gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_import_url(p11key, key_url, 0);

			/* If it still doesn't work then try dropping CKA_LABEL and adding the
			   CKA_ID of the cert. */
			if (err == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE &&
			    (p11_kit_uri_get_attribute(uri, CKA_LABEL) ||
			     !p11_kit_uri_get_attribute(uri, CKA_ID))) {
				CK_ATTRIBUTE attr;

				s = sizeof(buf);
				if (gnutls_pkcs11_obj_get_info(crt, GNUTLS_PKCS11_OBJ_ID,
							       buf, &s))
					goto key_err_uri;

				attr.type = CKA_ID;
				attr.pValue = buf;
				attr.ulValueLen = s;

				p11_kit_uri_set_attribute(uri, &attr);
				p11_kit_uri_clear_attribute(uri, CKA_LABEL);

				free(key_url);
				key_url = NULL;
				if (p11_kit_uri_format(uri, P11_KIT_URI_FOR_ANY, &key_url))
					goto key_err_uri;

				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
					     _("Trying PKCS#11 key URL %s\n"), key_url);
				err = gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_import_url(p11key, key_url, 0);
			}
		key_err_uri:
			p11_kit_uri_free(uri);
		key_err_obj:
			gnutls_pkcs11_obj_deinit(crt);
		key_err:
			;
		}
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error importing PKCS#11 URL %s: %s\n"),
				     key_url, gnutls_strerror(err));
			gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_deinit(p11key);
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
			     _("Using PKCS#11 key %s\n"), key_url);

		err = gnutls_privkey_init(&gci->pkey);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error initialising private key structure: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_deinit(p11key);
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		err = gnutls_privkey_import_pkcs11(gci->pkey, p11key, GNUTLS_PRIVKEY_IMPORT_AUTO_RELEASE);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error importing PKCS#11 key into private key structure: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			gnutls_pkcs11_privkey_deinit(p11key);
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
		goto match_cert;
	}
#endif /* HAVE_P11KIT */

	/* OK, not a PKCS#11 key so it must be coming from a file... load the
	   file into memory, unless it's the same as the cert file and we
	   already loaded that. */
	if (!fdata.data || certinfo->key != certinfo->cert) {
		gnutls_free(fdata.data);
		fdata.data = NULL;

		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
			     _("Using private key file %s\n"), certinfo->key);

		ret = load_datum(vpninfo, &fdata, certinfo->key);
		if (ret)
			goto out;
	}

	/* Is it a PEM file with a TPM key blob? */
	if (strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN TSS KEY BLOB-----")) {
#ifndef HAVE_TROUSERS
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("This version of OpenConnect was built without TPM support\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
#else
		ret = load_tpm1_key(vpninfo, certinfo, &fdata, &gci->pkey, &pkey_sig);
		if (ret)
			goto out;

		goto match_cert;
#endif
	}

	/* Is it a PEM file with a TPM key blob? */
	if (strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN TSS2 PRIVATE KEY-----") ||
	    strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN TSS2 KEY BLOB-----")) {
#ifndef HAVE_TSS2
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("This version of OpenConnect was built without TPM2 support\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
#else
		ret = load_tpm2_key(vpninfo, certinfo, &fdata, &gci->pkey, &pkey_sig);
		if (ret)
			goto out;

		goto match_cert;
#endif
	}

	/* OK, try other PEM files... */
	gnutls_x509_privkey_init(&x509key);
	if ((pem_header = strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----")) ||
	    (pem_header = strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----")) ||
	    (pem_header = strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----"))) {
		/* PKCS#1 files, including OpenSSL's odd encrypted version */
		char type = pem_header[11];
		char *p = strchr(pem_header, '\n');
		if (!p) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to interpret PEM file\n"));
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		while (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
			p++;

		if (!strncmp(p, "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED", 22)) {
			p += 22;
			while (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
				p++;
			ret = import_openssl_pem(vpninfo, certinfo, x509key, type, p,
						 fdata.size - (p - (char *)fdata.data));
			if (ret)
				goto out;
		} else {
			err = gnutls_x509_privkey_import(x509key, &fdata, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
			if (err) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to load PKCS#1 private key: %s\n"),
					     gnutls_strerror(err));
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto out;
			}
		}
	} else if (strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
		/* Unencrypted PKCS#8 */
		err = gnutls_x509_privkey_import_pkcs8(x509key, &fdata,
						       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM,
						       NULL, GNUTLS_PKCS_PLAIN);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to load private key as PKCS#8: %s\n"),
					     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
	} else if (strstr((char *)fdata.data, "-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
		/* Encrypted PKCS#8 */
		char *pass = certinfo->password;

		while ((err = gnutls_x509_privkey_import_pkcs8(x509key, &fdata,
							       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM,
							       pass?:"", 0))) {
			if (err != GNUTLS_E_DECRYPTION_FAILED) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to load private key as PKCS#8: %s\n"),
					     gnutls_strerror(err));
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto out;
			}
			certinfo->password = NULL;
			if (pass) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to decrypt PKCS#8 certificate file\n"));
				free_pass(&pass);
			}
			err = request_passphrase(vpninfo, "openconnect_pem",
						 &pass, _("Enter PEM pass phrase:"));
			if (err) {
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto out;
			}
		}
		free_pass(&pass);
		certinfo->password = NULL;
	} else if (!gnutls_x509_privkey_import(x509key, &fdata, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER) ||
		   !gnutls_x509_privkey_import_pkcs8(x509key, &fdata, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER,
						     NULL, GNUTLS_PKCS_PLAIN)) {
		/* Unencrypted DER (PKCS#1 or PKCS#8) */
	} else {
		/* Last chance: try encrypted PKCS#8 DER. And give up if it's not that */
		char *pass = certinfo->password;

		while ((err = gnutls_x509_privkey_import_pkcs8(x509key, &fdata,
							       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER,
							       pass?:"", 0))) {
			if (err != GNUTLS_E_DECRYPTION_FAILED) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to determine type of private key %s\n"),
					     certinfo->key);
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto out;
			}
			certinfo->password = NULL;
			if (pass) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to decrypt PKCS#8 certificate file\n"));
				free_pass(&pass);
			}
			err = request_passphrase(vpninfo, "openconnect_pem",
						 &pass, _("Enter PKCS#8 pass phrase:"));
			if (err) {
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto out;
			}
		}
		free_pass(&pass);
		certinfo->password = NULL;
	}

	/* Now attempt to make sure we use the *correct* certificate, to match
	   the key. Since we have a software key, we can easily query it and
	   compare its key_id with each certificate till we find a match. */
	err = gnutls_x509_privkey_get_key_id(x509key, 0, key_id, &key_id_size);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to get key ID: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}
	/* If extra_certs[] is NULL, we have one candidate in 'cert' to check. */
	for (i = 0; i < (extra_certs ? nr_extra_certs : 1); i++) {
		unsigned char cert_id[20];
		size_t cert_id_size = sizeof(cert_id);

		err = gnutls_x509_crt_get_key_id(extra_certs ? extra_certs[i] : cert, 0, cert_id, &cert_id_size);
		if (err)
			continue;

		if (cert_id_size == key_id_size && !memcmp(cert_id, key_id, key_id_size)) {
			if (extra_certs) {
				cert = extra_certs[i];
				extra_certs[i] = NULL;
			}
			goto got_key;
		}
	}
	/* There's no pkey (there's an x509 key), so even if p11-kit or trousers is
	   enabled we'll fall straight through the bit at match_cert: below, and go
	   directly to the bit where it prints the 'no match found' error and exits. */

#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_TROUSERS) || defined(HAVE_TSS2) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
 match_cert:
	/* If we have a privkey from PKCS#11 or TPM, we can't do the simple comparison
	   of key ID that we do for software keys to find which certificate is a
	   match. So sign some dummy data and then check the signature against each
	   of the available certificates until we find the right one. */
	if (gci->pkey) {
		/* The TPM code may have already signed it, to test authorisation. We
		   only sign here for PKCS#11 keys, in which case fdata might be
		   empty too so point it at dummy data. We try multiple hashes
		   because depending on the algorithm or device not all may be usable */
		unsigned j;
		gnutls_digest_algorithm_t *dig, digs[] = {
			GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA1,
			GNUTLS_DIG_SHA512, GNUTLS_DIG_UNKNOWN
		};

		for (dig = digs; *dig != GNUTLS_DIG_UNKNOWN; dig++) {
			if (!pkey_sig.data) {
				if (!fdata.data) {
					fdata.data = dummy_hash_data;
					fdata.size = 20;
				}

				err = gnutls_privkey_sign_data(gci->pkey, *dig, 0,
							       &fdata, &pkey_sig);
				if (err) {
					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
						     _("Error signing test data with private key: %s\n"),
						     gnutls_strerror(err));
					ret = -EINVAL;
					goto out;
				}
			}

			/* If extra_certs[] is NULL, we have one candidate in 'cert' to check. */
			for (j = 0; j < (extra_certs ? nr_extra_certs : 1); j++) {
				gnutls_pubkey_t pubkey = NULL;

				err = gnutls_pubkey_init(&pubkey);
				if (err >= 0)
					err = gnutls_pubkey_import_x509(pubkey, extra_certs ? extra_certs[j] : cert, 0);
				if (err < 0) {
					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
						     _("Error validating signature against certificate: %s\n"),
						     gnutls_strerror(err));
					/* We'll probably fail shortly if we don't find it. */
					gnutls_pubkey_deinit(pubkey);
					continue;
				}
				err = verify_signed_data(pubkey, gci->pkey, *dig,
							 &fdata, &pkey_sig);
				gnutls_pubkey_deinit(pubkey);

				if (err >= 0) {
					if (extra_certs) {
						cert = extra_certs[j];
						extra_certs[j] = NULL;
					}
					gnutls_free(pkey_sig.data);
					pkey_sig.data = NULL;
					goto got_key;
				}
			}
			gnutls_free(pkey_sig.data);
			pkey_sig.data = NULL;
		}
	}
#endif /* P11KIT || TROUSERS || TSS2 || SYSTEM_KEYS */

	/* We shouldn't reach this. It means that we didn't find *any* matching cert */
	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
		     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("No SSL certificate found to match private key\n"),
				     _("No secondary certificate found to match private key\n")));
	ret = -EINVAL;
	goto out;

	/********************************************************************/
 got_key:
	/* Now we have a key in either 'x509key' or 'gci->pkey', a matching cert in 'cert',
	   and potentially a list of other certs in 'extra_certs[]'. If we loaded
	   a PKCS#12 file we may have a trust chain in 'gci->certs[]' too. */

	if (!((!gci->pkey != !x509key) && cert))
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("got_key conditions not met!\n"));

	/* Transform the x509key to abstract key */
	if (!gci->pkey) {
		err = gnutls_privkey_init(&gci->pkey);
		if (err >= 0) {
			gnutls_privkey_set_pin_function(gci->pkey, gnutls_pin_callback,
							certinfo);

			err = gnutls_privkey_import_x509(gci->pkey, x509key,
							 GNUTLS_PRIVKEY_IMPORT_AUTO_RELEASE);
		}

		if (err < 0) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Error creating an abstract privkey from /x509_privkey: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			/* gci->pkey will be freed in out */
			ret = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	/* pkey owns x509key */
	x509key = NULL;

	check_certificate_expiry(vpninfo, certinfo, cert);
	get_cert_name(cert, name, sizeof(name));
	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
		     certinfo_string(certinfo, _("Using client certificate '%s'\n"),
				     _("Using secondary certificate '%s'\n")),
		     name);

	/* OpenSSL has problems with certificate chains — if there are
	   multiple certs with the same name, it doesn't necessarily
	   choose the _right_ one. (RT#1942)
	   Pick the right ones for ourselves and add them manually. */

	/* We may have already got a bunch of certs from PKCS#12
	   file. Remember how many need to be freed when we're done,
	   since we'll expand the gci->certs array with more
	   from the cafile and extra_certs[] array if we can, and
	   those extra certs must not be freed (twice). */
	if (!gci->nr_certs) {
		gci->certs = gnutls_malloc(sizeof(*gci->certs));
		if (!gci->certs) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to allocate memory for certificate\n"));
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto out;
		}
		gci->certs[0] = cert;
		gci->nr_certs = 1;
	}
	last_cert = gci->certs[gci->nr_certs-1];

	while (1) {
		gnutls_x509_crt_t issuer = NULL;
		gnutls_x509_crt_t *saved_cert_list = NULL;

		for (i = 0; i < nr_extra_certs; i++) {
			if (extra_certs[i] &&
			    gnutls_x509_crt_check_issuer(last_cert, extra_certs[i]))
				break;
		}

		if (i < nr_extra_certs) {
			/* We found the next cert in the chain in extra_certs[] */
			issuer = extra_certs[i];
			extra_certs[i] = NULL;
		} else {
			/* Look for it in the system trust cafile too. */
			err = gnutls_certificate_get_issuer(vpninfo->https_cred,
							    last_cert, &issuer, 0);
			/* GnuTLS 3.2.10 does not support flag GNUTLS_TL_GET_COPY,
			 * which makes a copy of the issuer.  Therefore, we make
			 * an explicit copy of the certificate
			 */
			if (err >= 0)
				err = copy_cert(&issuer, issuer);

#ifdef HAVE_P11KIT
			if (err == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE && cert_is_p11) {
				gnutls_datum_t t = {NULL, 0};

				err = gnutls_pkcs11_get_raw_issuer(cert_url, last_cert, &t, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, 0);
				if (err >= 0) {
					err = import_cert(&issuer, &t);
					gnutls_free(t.data);
				}

				if (err < 0) {
					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
						     _("Got no issuer from PKCS#11\n"));
				} else {
					get_cert_name(issuer, name, sizeof(name));

					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
						     _("Got next CA '%s' from PKCS#11\n"), name);
				}
			}
#endif
			if (err)
				break;

		}

		if (gnutls_x509_crt_check_issuer(issuer, issuer)) {
			/* Don't actually include the root CA. If they don't already trust it,
			   then handing it to them isn't going to help. But don't omit the
			   original certificate if it's self-signed. */
			gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(issuer);
			break;
		}

		/* OK, we found a new cert to add to our chain. */
		saved_cert_list = gci->certs;
		gci->certs = gnutls_realloc(gci->certs,
					    sizeof(cert) * (gci->nr_certs+1));
		if (!gci->certs) {
			gci->certs = saved_cert_list;
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to allocate memory for supporting certificates\n"));
			gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(issuer);
			break;
		}

		/* Append the new one */
		gci->certs[gci->nr_certs] = issuer;
		gci->nr_certs++;
		last_cert = issuer;
	}
	for (i = 1; i < gci->nr_certs; i++) {
		get_cert_name(gci->certs[i], name, sizeof(name));

		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
			     _("Adding supporting CA '%s'\n"), name);
	}

	ret = 0;

	if ((flags & MULTICERT_COMPAT))
		(void) check_multicert_compat(vpninfo, certinfo);

	/* OK, now we've checked the cert expiry and warned the user if it's
	   going to expire soon, and we've built up as much of a trust chain
	   in gci->certs[] as we can find, to help the server work around
	   OpenSSL RT#1942. Set up the GnuTLS credentials with the appropriate
	   key and certs. GnuTLS makes us do this differently for X509 privkeys
	   vs. TPM/PKCS#11 "generic" privkeys, and the latter is particularly
	   'fun' for GnuTLS 2.12... */
 out:
	gnutls_x509_privkey_deinit(x509key);

	if (cert && !gci->certs) {
		/* Not if gci->certs. It's gci->certs[0] then and will be
		 * freed as such. This is only for the error path. */
		gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(cert);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < nr_extra_certs; i++) {
		if (extra_certs[i])
			gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(extra_certs[i]);
	}
	gnutls_free(extra_certs);

#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_TROUSERS) || defined(HAVE_TSS2) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
	/* If we support arbitrary privkeys, we might have abused fdata.data
	   just to point to something to hash. Don't free it in that case! */
	if (fdata.data != dummy_hash_data)
#endif
		gnutls_free(fdata.data);

#ifdef HAVE_P11KIT
	/* This exists in the HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS case but will never
	   change so it's OK not to add to the #ifdef mess here. */
	if (cert_url != certinfo->cert)
		free(cert_url);
	if (key_url != certinfo->key)
		free(key_url);
#endif
	if (ret)
		unload_certificate(certinfo, 1);
	return ret;
}

/* We have to convert the array of X509 certificates to gnutls_pcert_st
   for ourselves. There's no function that takes a gnutls_privkey_t as
   the key and gnutls_x509_crt_t certificates. */
static int assign_privkey(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, struct gtls_cert_info *gci)
{
	gnutls_pcert_st *pcerts = gnutls_calloc(gci->nr_certs, sizeof(*pcerts));
	unsigned int i;
	int err;

	if (!pcerts)
		return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;

	for (i = 0 ; i < gci->nr_certs; i++) {
		err = gnutls_pcert_import_x509(pcerts + i, gci->certs[i], 0);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Importing X509 certificate failed: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			goto free_pcerts;
		}
	}

	err = gnutls_certificate_set_key(vpninfo->https_cred, NULL, 0,
					 pcerts, gci->nr_certs, gci->pkey);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Setting PKCS#11 certificate failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
	free_pcerts:
		for (i = 0 ; i < gci->nr_certs; i++)
			gnutls_pcert_deinit(pcerts + i);
	} else
		gci->pkey = NULL; /* We gave it away */

	free(pcerts);
	return err;
}


static int load_primary_certificate(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	struct cert_info *certinfo = &vpninfo->certinfo[0];
	int ret, err;

	ret = load_certificate(vpninfo, certinfo, 0);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	struct gtls_cert_info *gci = certinfo->priv_info;

	gnutls_x509_crt_t cert = gci->certs[0];

	get_cert_md5_fingerprint(vpninfo, cert, vpninfo->local_cert_md5);

	if (gci->crl) {
		err = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_crl(vpninfo->https_cred, &gci->crl, 1);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Setting certificate revocation list failed: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
	}

#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030600
	if (gnutls_privkey_get_pk_algorithm(gci->pkey, NULL) == GNUTLS_PK_RSA) {
		/*
		 * For hardware RSA keys, we need to check if they can cope with PSS.
		 * If not, disable TLSv1.3 which would make PSS mandatory.
		 * https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1663058
		 */
		gnutls_datum_t fdata= { (void *)gci, sizeof(*gci) };
		gnutls_datum_t pkey_sig = { NULL, 0 };

		err = gnutls_privkey_sign_data2(gci->pkey, GNUTLS_SIGN_RSA_PSS_RSAE_SHA256, 0, &fdata, &pkey_sig);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
				     _("Private key appears not to support RSA-PSS. Disabling TLSv1.3\n"));
			vpninfo->no_tls13 = 1;
		}

		free(pkey_sig.data);
	}
#endif
	err = assign_privkey(vpninfo, gci);

	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Setting certificate failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		ret = -EIO;
	} else
		ret = 0;

 out:
	unload_certificate(certinfo, ret < 0);
	return ret;
}

static int get_cert_fingerprint(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				gnutls_x509_crt_t cert,
				gnutls_digest_algorithm_t algo,
				char *buf)
{
	unsigned char md[256];
	size_t md_size = sizeof(md);
	unsigned int i;

	if (gnutls_x509_crt_get_fingerprint(cert, algo, md, &md_size))
		return -EIO;

	for (i = 0; i < md_size; i++)
		sprintf(&buf[i*2], "%02X", md[i]);

	return 0;
}

int get_cert_md5_fingerprint(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			     void *cert, char *buf)
{
	return get_cert_fingerprint(vpninfo, cert, GNUTLS_DIG_MD5, buf);
}

static int set_peer_cert_hash(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	size_t shalen;
	gnutls_pubkey_t pkey;
	gnutls_datum_t d;
	int err;

	err = gnutls_pubkey_init(&pkey);
	if (err)
		return err;

	err = gnutls_pubkey_import_x509(pkey, vpninfo->peer_cert, 0);
	if (!err)
		err = gnutls_pubkey_export2(pkey, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, &d);
	gnutls_pubkey_deinit(pkey);
	if (err)
		return err;

	shalen = sizeof(vpninfo->peer_cert_sha256_raw);
	err = gnutls_fingerprint(GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256, &d, vpninfo->peer_cert_sha256_raw, &shalen);
	if (err) {
		gnutls_free(d.data);
		return err;
	}

	shalen = sizeof(vpninfo->peer_cert_sha1_raw);
	err = gnutls_fingerprint(GNUTLS_DIG_SHA1, &d, vpninfo->peer_cert_sha1_raw, &shalen);
	if (err) {
		gnutls_free(d.data);
		return err;
	}

	gnutls_free(d.data);

	return 0;
}

char *openconnect_get_peer_cert_details(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	gnutls_datum_t buf;

	if (gnutls_x509_crt_print(vpninfo->peer_cert, GNUTLS_CRT_PRINT_FULL, &buf))
		return NULL;

	return (char *)buf.data;
}

int openconnect_get_peer_cert_DER(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				  unsigned char **buf)
{
	size_t l = 0;
	unsigned char *ret = NULL;

	if (gnutls_x509_crt_export(vpninfo->peer_cert, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER,
				   ret, &l) != GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER)
		return -EIO;

	ret = gnutls_malloc(l);
	if (!ret)
		return -ENOMEM;

	if (gnutls_x509_crt_export(vpninfo->peer_cert, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER,
				   ret, &l)) {
		gnutls_free(ret);
		return -EIO;
	}
	*buf = ret;
	return l;
}

void openconnect_free_cert_info(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				void *buf)
{
	gnutls_free(buf);
}

int openconnect_get_peer_cert_chain(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				    struct oc_cert **chainp)
{
	struct oc_cert *chain, *p;
	const gnutls_datum_t *cert_list = vpninfo->cert_list_handle;
	int i, cert_list_size = vpninfo->cert_list_size;

	if (!cert_list)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (cert_list_size <= 0)
		return -EIO;

	p = chain = calloc(cert_list_size, sizeof(struct oc_cert));
	if (!chain)
		return -ENOMEM;

	for (i = 0; i < cert_list_size; i++, p++) {
		p->der_data = (unsigned char *)cert_list[i].data;
		p->der_len = cert_list[i].size;
	}

	*chainp = chain;
	return cert_list_size;
}

void openconnect_free_peer_cert_chain(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				      struct oc_cert *chain)
{
	free(chain);
}

/* Wrapper for gnutls_x509_crt_check_hostname, which additionally
 * handles IP addresses:
 *
 * - Legacy IP or IPv6 literals (not handled by GnuTLS <3.3.6)
 * - IPv6 literals in URI form with surrounding [] (not handled as-is by any version of GnuTLS)
 */
static int crt_check_hostname_or_ip(gnutls_x509_crt_t cert, char *hostname)
{
	int i, ret;
	unsigned char addrbuf[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
	unsigned char certaddr[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
	size_t addrlen = 0, certaddrlen;

	ret = gnutls_x509_crt_check_hostname(cert, hostname);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* gnutls_x509_crt_check_hostname() doesn't cope with IPv6 literals
	   in URI form with surrounding [] so we must check for ourselves. */
	if (hostname[0] == '[' &&
	    hostname[strlen(hostname)-1] == ']') {
		char *p = &hostname[strlen(hostname)-1];
		*p = 0;
		if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, hostname + 1, addrbuf) > 0)
			addrlen = 16;
		*p = ']';
	}
#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030306
	/* And before 3.3.6 it didn't check IP addresses at all. */
	else if (inet_pton(AF_INET, hostname, addrbuf) > 0)
		addrlen = 4;
	else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, hostname, addrbuf) > 0)
		addrlen = 16;
#endif

	if (!addrlen) {
		/* hostname was not a bare IP address. No match */
		return 0;
	}

	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
		certaddrlen = sizeof(certaddr);
		ret = gnutls_x509_crt_get_subject_alt_name(cert, i, certaddr,
							   &certaddrlen, NULL);
		/* If this happens, it wasn't an IP address. */
		if (ret == GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER)
			continue;
		if (ret < 0)
			break;
		if (ret != GNUTLS_SAN_IPADDRESS)
			continue;
		/* Matching IP address. Return success */
		if (certaddrlen == addrlen && !memcmp(addrbuf, certaddr, addrlen))
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int verify_peer(gnutls_session_t session)
{
	struct openconnect_info *vpninfo = gnutls_session_get_ptr(session);
	const gnutls_datum_t *cert_list;
	gnutls_x509_crt_t cert;
	unsigned int status, cert_list_size;
	const char *reason = NULL;
	int err = 0;

	cert_list = gnutls_certificate_get_peers(session, &cert_list_size);
	if (!cert_list) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Server presented no certificate\n"));
		return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
	}

	if (vpninfo->peer_cert) {
		unsigned char *prev_der = NULL;
		int der_len = openconnect_get_peer_cert_DER(vpninfo, &prev_der);
		if (der_len < 0) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Error comparing server's cert on rehandshake: %s\n"),
				     strerror(-der_len));
			return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
		}
		if (cert_list[0].size != der_len || memcmp(cert_list[0].data, prev_der, der_len)) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Server presented different cert on rehandshake\n"));
			gnutls_free(prev_der);
			return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
		}
		gnutls_free(prev_der);
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, _("Server presented identical cert on rehandshake\n"));
		return 0;
	}

	err = gnutls_x509_crt_init(&cert);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Error initialising X509 cert structure\n"));
		return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
	}

	err = gnutls_x509_crt_import(cert, &cert_list[0], GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Error importing server's cert\n"));
		gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(cert);
		return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
	}

	vpninfo->peer_cert = cert;
	err = set_peer_cert_hash(vpninfo);
	if (err < 0) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Could not calculate hash of server's certificate\n"));
	}

	err = gnutls_certificate_verify_peers2(session, &status);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("Error checking server cert status\n"));
		return GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
	}

	if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_REVOKED)
		reason = _("certificate revoked");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND)
		reason = _("signer not found");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_CA)
		reason = _("signer not a CA certificate");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM)
		reason = _("insecure algorithm");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_NOT_ACTIVATED)
		reason = _("certificate not yet activated");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_EXPIRED)
		reason = _("certificate expired");
	else if (status & GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID)
		/* If this is set and no other reason, it apparently means
		   that signature verification failed. Not entirely sure
		   why we don't just set a bit for that too. */
		reason = _("signature verification failed");

	if (reason)
		goto done;

	if (vpninfo->sni) {
		if (!crt_check_hostname_or_ip(cert, vpninfo->sni))
			reason = _("certificate does not match SNI");
	} else if (!crt_check_hostname_or_ip(cert, vpninfo->hostname))
		reason = _("certificate does not match hostname");
 done:
	if (reason) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
			     _("Server certificate verify failed: %s\n"),
			     reason);
		if (vpninfo->validate_peer_cert) {
			vpninfo->cert_list_handle = (void *)cert_list;
			vpninfo->cert_list_size = cert_list_size;
			err = vpninfo->validate_peer_cert(vpninfo->cbdata,
							  reason) ? GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR : 0;
			vpninfo->cert_list_handle = NULL;
		} else
			err = GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR;
	}

	return err;
}

#ifdef HAVE_HPKE_SUPPORT
static int finished_fn(gnutls_session_t session, unsigned int htype, unsigned when,
		       unsigned int incoming, const gnutls_datum_t *msg)
{
	struct openconnect_info *vpninfo = gnutls_session_get_ptr(session);

	if (incoming)
		return 0;

	if (msg->size > sizeof(vpninfo->finished)) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("TLS Finished message larger than expected (%u bytes)\n"),
			     msg->size);
		vpninfo->finished_len = sizeof(vpninfo->finished);
	} else
		vpninfo->finished_len = msg->size;

	memcpy(vpninfo->finished, msg->data, vpninfo->finished_len);
	return 0;
}
#endif

int openconnect_open_https(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	int ssl_sock = -1;
	int err;

	if (vpninfo->https_sess)
		return 0;

	if (vpninfo->peer_cert) {
		gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(vpninfo->peer_cert);
		vpninfo->peer_cert = NULL;
	}

	free(vpninfo->peer_cert_hash);
	vpninfo->peer_cert_hash = NULL;
	gnutls_free(vpninfo->cstp_cipher);
	vpninfo->cstp_cipher = NULL;

	ssl_sock = connect_https_socket(vpninfo);
	if (ssl_sock < 0)
		return ssl_sock;

	if (!vpninfo->https_cred) {
		gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials(&vpninfo->https_cred);
		if (!vpninfo->no_system_trust)
			gnutls_certificate_set_x509_system_trust(vpninfo->https_cred);

		gnutls_certificate_set_verify_function(vpninfo->https_cred,
						       verify_peer);

#ifdef ANDROID_KEYSTORE
		if (vpninfo->cafile && !strncmp(vpninfo->cafile, "keystore:", 9)) {
			gnutls_datum_t datum;
			unsigned int nr_certs;

			err = load_datum(vpninfo, &datum, vpninfo->cafile);
			if (err < 0) {
				gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
				vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
				return err;
			}

			/* For GnuTLS 3.x We should use gnutls_x509_crt_list_import2() */
			nr_certs = count_x509_certificates(&datum);
			if (nr_certs) {
				gnutls_x509_crt_t *certs;
				int i;

				certs = calloc(nr_certs, sizeof(*certs));
				if (!certs) {
					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
						     _("Failed to allocate memory for cafile certs\n"));
					gnutls_free(datum.data);
					gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
					vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
					closesocket(ssl_sock);
					return -ENOMEM;
				}
				err = gnutls_x509_crt_list_import(certs, &nr_certs, &datum,
								  GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM, 0);
				gnutls_free(datum.data);
				if (err >= 0) {
					nr_certs = err;
					err = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust(vpninfo->https_cred,
										certs, nr_certs);
				}
				for (i = 0; i < nr_certs; i++)
					gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(certs[i]);
				free(certs);
				if (err < 0) {
					/* From crt_list_import or set_x509_trust */
					vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
						     _("Failed to read certs from cafile: %s\n"),
						     gnutls_strerror(err));
					gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
					vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
					closesocket(ssl_sock);
					return -EINVAL;
				}
			}
		} else
#endif
		if (vpninfo->cafile) {
			err = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file(vpninfo->https_cred,
								     vpninfo->cafile,
								     GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
			if (err < 0) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Failed to open CA file '%s': %s\n"),
					     vpninfo->cafile, gnutls_strerror(err));
				gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
				vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
				closesocket(ssl_sock);
				return -EINVAL;
			}
		}

		if (vpninfo->certinfo[0].cert) {
			err = load_primary_certificate(vpninfo);
			if (err) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
					     _("Loading certificate failed. Aborting.\n"));
				gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
				vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
				closesocket(ssl_sock);
				return err;
			}
		}
	}
	gnutls_init(&vpninfo->https_sess, GNUTLS_CLIENT|GNUTLS_FORCE_CLIENT_CERT);
	gnutls_session_set_ptr(vpninfo->https_sess, (void *) vpninfo);
	/*
	 * For versions of GnuTLS older than 3.2.9, we try to avoid long
	 * packets by silently disabling extensions such as SNI.
	 *
	 * See comments above regarding COMPAT and DUMBFW.
	 */
	if (vpninfo->sni)
		gnutls_server_name_set(vpninfo->https_sess, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
				       vpninfo->sni,
				       strlen(vpninfo->sni));
	else if (string_is_hostname(vpninfo->hostname))
		gnutls_server_name_set(vpninfo->https_sess, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
				       vpninfo->hostname,
				       strlen(vpninfo->hostname));

       /*
	* If a ClientHello is between 256 and 511 bytes, the
	* server cannot distinguish between a SSLv2 formatted
	* packet and a SSLv3 formatted packet.
	*
	* F5 BIG-IP reverse proxies in particular will
	* silently drop an ambiguous ClientHello.
	*
	* GnuTLS fixes this in v3.2.9+ by padding ClientHello
	* packets to at least 512 bytes if %COMPAT or %DUMBFW
	* is specified.
	*
	* Discussion:
	* https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg10423.html
	*
	* GnuTLS commits:
	* b6d29bb1737f96ac44a8ef9cc9fe7f9837e20465
	* a9bd8c4d3a639c40adb964349297f891f583a21b
	* 531bec47037e882af32963f8461988f8c724919e
	* 7c45ebbdd877cd994b6b938bd6faef19558a01e1
	* 8d28901a3ebd2589d0fc9941475d50f04047f6fe
	* 28065ce3896b1b0f87972d0bce9b17641ebb69b9
	*/

        if (!vpninfo->ciphersuite_config) {
		struct oc_text_buf *buf = buf_alloc();
#ifdef DEFAULT_PRIO
		buf_append(buf, "%s", DEFAULT_PRIO ":%COMPAT");
#else
		/* GnuTLS 3.5.19 and onward remove AES-CBC-HMAC-SHA256 from NORMAL,
		 * but some Cisco servers can't do anything better, so
		 * explicitly add '+SHA256' to allow it. Yay Cisco.
		 * - GnuTLS commit that removed: c433cdf92349afae66c703bdacedf987f423605e
		 * - Old server requiring SHA256: https://gitlab.com/openconnect/openconnect/-/issues/21
		 *
		 * Likewise, GnuTLS 3.6.0 and onward remove 3DES-CBC from NORMAL,
		 * but some ancient servers can't do anything better. This (and ARCFOUR-128)
		 * should not be re-enabled by default due to serious security flaws, so adding as
		 * an option, --allow-insecure-crypto. Yay ancient, unpatched servers.
		 * - GnuTLS commit that removed: 66f2a0a271bcc10e8fb68771f9349a3d3ecf6dda
		 * - Old server requiring 3DES-CBC: https://gitlab.com/openconnect/openconnect/-/issues/145
		 */
		buf_append(buf, "NORMAL:-VERS-SSL3.0:+SHA256:%%COMPAT");
#endif

		if (vpninfo->pfs)
			buf_append(buf, ":-RSA");

		if (vpninfo->no_tls13)
			buf_append(buf, ":-VERS-TLS1.3");

		if (vpninfo->allow_insecure_crypto) {
			buf_append(buf, ":+3DES-CBC:+ARCFOUR-128:+SHA1");
			if (gnutls_check_version_numeric(3,6,0))
				buf_append(buf, ":%%VERIFY_ALLOW_SIGN_WITH_SHA1");
			if (gnutls_check_version_numeric(2,11,3))
				buf_append(buf, ":%%UNSAFE_RENEGOTIATION");
		} else
			buf_append(buf, ":-3DES-CBC:-ARCFOUR-128");

		if (buf_error(buf)) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to construct GnuTLS priority string\n"));
			return buf_free(buf);
		}
		vpninfo->ciphersuite_config = buf->data;
		buf->data = NULL;
		buf_free(buf);
        }

	err = gnutls_priority_set_direct(vpninfo->https_sess,
					 vpninfo->ciphersuite_config, NULL);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to set GnuTLS priority string (\"%s\"): %s\n"),
			     vpninfo->ciphersuite_config, gnutls_strerror(err));
		gnutls_deinit(vpninfo->https_sess);
		vpninfo->https_sess = NULL;
		closesocket(ssl_sock);
		return -EIO;
	}

	gnutls_record_disable_padding(vpninfo->https_sess);
	gnutls_credentials_set(vpninfo->https_sess, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE, vpninfo->https_cred);
	gnutls_transport_set_ptr(vpninfo->https_sess,(gnutls_transport_ptr_t)(intptr_t)ssl_sock);

	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO, _("SSL negotiation with %s\n"),
		     vpninfo->hostname);

#ifdef GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT
	gnutls_handshake_set_timeout(vpninfo->https_sess,
				     GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_HPKE_SUPPORT
	/*
	 * The AnyConnect STRAP protocol needs the Finished message from the
	 * TLS connection. It isn't clear if this is a misguided attempt at
	 * MITM protection or just a convenient nonce known to both sides.
	 */
	gnutls_handshake_set_hook_function(vpninfo->https_sess, GNUTLS_HANDSHAKE_FINISHED,
					   GNUTLS_HOOK_POST, finished_fn);
#endif
	err = cstp_handshake(vpninfo, 1);
	if (err)
		return err;

	vpninfo->ssl_fd = ssl_sock;

	vpninfo->ssl_read = openconnect_gnutls_read;
	vpninfo->ssl_write = openconnect_gnutls_write;
	vpninfo->ssl_gets = openconnect_gnutls_gets;

	return 0;
}

int cstp_handshake(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, unsigned init)
{
	int err;
	int ssl_sock = -1;

	ssl_sock = (intptr_t)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(vpninfo->https_sess);

	while ((err = gnutls_handshake(vpninfo->https_sess))) {
		if (err == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || err == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED) {
			fd_set rd_set, wr_set;
			int maxfd = ssl_sock;

			FD_ZERO(&rd_set);
			FD_ZERO(&wr_set);

			if (gnutls_record_get_direction(vpninfo->https_sess))
				FD_SET(ssl_sock, &wr_set);
			else
				FD_SET(ssl_sock, &rd_set);

			cmd_fd_set(vpninfo, &rd_set, &maxfd);
			while (select(maxfd + 1, &rd_set, &wr_set, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
				if (errno != EINTR) {
					vpn_perror(vpninfo, _("Failed select() for TLS"));
					return -EIO;
				}
			}
			if (is_cancel_pending(vpninfo, &rd_set)) {
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("SSL connection cancelled\n"));
				gnutls_deinit(vpninfo->https_sess);
				vpninfo->https_sess = NULL;
				closesocket(ssl_sock);
				return -EINTR;
			}
		} else if (gnutls_error_is_fatal(err)) {
			if (err == GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED)
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("SSL connection failure due to fatal alert: %s\n"),
					     gnutls_alert_get_name(gnutls_alert_get(vpninfo->https_sess)));
			else
				vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("SSL connection failure: %s\n"),
								 gnutls_strerror(err));
			gnutls_deinit(vpninfo->https_sess);
			vpninfo->https_sess = NULL;
			closesocket(ssl_sock);
			return -EIO;
		} else {
			/* non-fatal error or warning. Ignore it and continue */
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
				     _("GnuTLS non-fatal return during handshake: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
		}
	}

	gnutls_free(vpninfo->cstp_cipher);
	vpninfo->cstp_cipher = get_gnutls_cipher(vpninfo->https_sess);

	if (init) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO, _("Connected to HTTPS on %s with ciphersuite %s\n"),
			     vpninfo->hostname, vpninfo->cstp_cipher);
	} else {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO, _("Renegotiated SSL on %s with ciphersuite %s\n"),
			     vpninfo->hostname, vpninfo->cstp_cipher);
	}

	return 0;
}

void openconnect_close_https(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, int final)
{
	if (vpninfo->https_sess) {
		gnutls_deinit(vpninfo->https_sess);
		vpninfo->https_sess = NULL;
	}
	if (vpninfo->ssl_fd != -1) {
		unmonitor_fd(vpninfo, ssl);
		closesocket(vpninfo->ssl_fd);
		vpninfo->ssl_fd = -1;
	}
	if (final && vpninfo->https_cred) {
		gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(vpninfo->https_cred);
		vpninfo->https_cred = NULL;
		unload_certificate(&vpninfo->certinfo[0], 1);
	}
}

int openconnect_init_ssl(void)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	int ret = openconnect__win32_sock_init();
	if (ret)
		return ret;
#endif
	if (gnutls_global_init())
		return -EIO;

	return 0;
}

char *get_gnutls_cipher(gnutls_session_t session)
{
	return gnutls_session_get_desc(session);
}

int openconnect_sha1(unsigned char *result, void *data, int datalen)
{
	const gnutls_datum_t d = { data, datalen };
	size_t shalen = SHA1_SIZE;

	if (gnutls_fingerprint(GNUTLS_DIG_SHA1, &d, result, &shalen))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int openconnect_sha256(unsigned char *result, void *data, int datalen)
{
	const gnutls_datum_t d = { data, datalen };
	size_t shalen = SHA256_SIZE;

	if (gnutls_fingerprint(GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256, &d, result, &shalen))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int openconnect_md5(unsigned char *result, void *data, int datalen)
{
	const gnutls_datum_t d = { data, datalen };
	size_t md5len = MD5_SIZE;

	if (gnutls_fingerprint(GNUTLS_DIG_MD5, &d, result, &md5len))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int openconnect_random(void *bytes, int len)
{
	if (gnutls_rnd(GNUTLS_RND_RANDOM, bytes, len))
		return -EIO;
	return 0;
}

int openconnect_local_cert_md5(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			       char *buf)
{
	memcpy(buf, vpninfo->local_cert_md5, sizeof(vpninfo->local_cert_md5));

	return 0;
}

#if defined(HAVE_P11KIT) || defined(HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS)
static int gnutls_pin_callback(void *priv, int attempt, const char *uri,
			       const char *token_label, unsigned int flags,
			       char *pin, size_t pin_max)
{
	struct cert_info *certinfo = priv;
	struct openconnect_info *vpninfo = certinfo->vpninfo;
	struct pin_cache **cache = &vpninfo->pin_cache;
	struct oc_auth_form f;
	struct oc_form_opt o;
	char message[1024];
	int ret;

	if (!vpninfo || !vpninfo->process_auth_form)
		return -1;

	while (*cache) {
		if (!strcmp(uri, (*cache)->token)) {
			if ((*cache)->pin) {
				if (attempt == 0) {
					snprintf(pin, pin_max, "%s", (*cache)->pin);
					return 0;
				}
				memset((*cache)->pin, 0x5a, strlen((*cache)->pin));
				free((*cache)->pin);
				(*cache)->pin = NULL;
			}
			break;
		}
		cache = &(*cache)->next;
	}
	if (!*cache) {
		*cache = calloc(1, sizeof(struct pin_cache));
		if (!*cache)
			return -1;

		(*cache)->token = strdup(uri);
	}

	if (!attempt && certinfo->password) {
		snprintf(pin, pin_max, "%s", certinfo->password);
		(*cache)->pin = certinfo->password;
		certinfo->password = NULL;
		return 0;
	}

	memset(&f, 0, sizeof(f));
	f.auth_id = (char *)certinfo_string(certinfo, "pkcs11_pin",
					    "secondary_pkcs11_pin");
	f.opts = &o;

	message[sizeof(message)-1] = 0;
	snprintf(message, sizeof(message) - 1, _("PIN required for %s"), token_label);
	f.message = message;

	if (flags & GNUTLS_PIN_WRONG)
		f.error = (char *)_("Wrong PIN");

	if (flags & GNUTLS_PIN_FINAL_TRY)
		f.banner = (char *)_("This is the final try before locking!");
	else if (flags & GNUTLS_PIN_COUNT_LOW)
		f.banner = (char *)_("Only a few tries left before locking!");

	o.next = NULL;
	o.type = OC_FORM_OPT_PASSWORD;
	o.name = (char *)"pkcs11_pin";
	o.label = (char *)_("Enter PIN:");
	o._value = NULL;

	ret = process_auth_form(vpninfo, &f);
	if (ret || !o._value)
		return -1;

	snprintf(pin, pin_max, "%s", o._value);
	(*cache)->pin = o._value;

	return 0;
}
#endif /* HAVE_P11KIT || HAVE_GNUTLS_SYSTEM_KEYS */

#ifdef HAVE_LIBPCSCLITE
int openconnect_hash_yubikey_password(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				      const char *password, int pwlen,
				      const void *ident, int id_len)
{
	unsigned char U[SHA1_SIZE];
	gnutls_hmac_hd_t dgst;
	int ret = -EIO;
	int i, j;

	if (gnutls_hmac_init(&dgst, GNUTLS_MAC_SHA1, password, pwlen))
		return -EIO;

	if (gnutls_hmac(dgst, ident, id_len))
		goto out;
	/* This is a subset of full PBKDF2, where we know the outer loop is only
	 * run once because our output length (16) is less than the hash output
	 * size (20). So just hard-code the value. */
	if (gnutls_hmac(dgst, "\x0\x0\x0\x1", 4))
		goto out;
	gnutls_hmac_output(dgst, U);

	memcpy(vpninfo->yubikey_pwhash, U, 16);

	for (i = 1; i < 1000; i++) {
		if (gnutls_hmac(dgst, U, SHA1_SIZE))
			goto out;

		gnutls_hmac_output(dgst, U);

		for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
			vpninfo->yubikey_pwhash[j] ^= U[j];
	}

	ret = 0;
 out:
	gnutls_hmac_deinit(dgst, NULL);
	return ret;
}

int openconnect_yubikey_chalresp(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				 const void *challenge, int chall_len, void *result)
{
	if (gnutls_hmac_fast(GNUTLS_MAC_SHA1, vpninfo->yubikey_pwhash, 16, challenge, chall_len, result))
		return -EIO;

	return 0;
}
#endif

int hotp_hmac(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, const void *challenge)
{
	int ret;
	int hpos;
	unsigned char hash[64]; /* Enough for a SHA256 */
	gnutls_mac_algorithm_t alg;

	switch(vpninfo->oath_hmac_alg) {
	case OATH_ALG_HMAC_SHA1:
		alg = GNUTLS_MAC_SHA1;
		hpos = 19;
		break;
	case OATH_ALG_HMAC_SHA256:
		alg = GNUTLS_MAC_SHA256;
		hpos = 31;
		break;
	case OATH_ALG_HMAC_SHA512:
		alg = GNUTLS_MAC_SHA512;
		hpos = 63;
		break;
	default:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Unsupported OATH HMAC algorithm\n"));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	ret = gnutls_hmac_fast(alg, vpninfo->oath_secret,
			       vpninfo->oath_secret_len,
			       challenge, 8, hash);
	if (ret) {
		vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				  _("Failed to calculate OATH HMAC: %s\n"),
				  gnutls_strerror(ret));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	hpos = hash[hpos] & 15;
	return load_be32(&hash[hpos]) & 0x7fffffff;
}


static int ttls_pull_timeout_func(gnutls_transport_ptr_t t, unsigned int ms)
{
	struct openconnect_info *vpninfo = t;

	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, _("%s %dms\n"), __func__, ms);
	return 0;
}

static ssize_t ttls_pull_func(gnutls_transport_ptr_t t, void *buf, size_t len)
{
	int ret = pulse_eap_ttls_recv(t, buf, len);
	if (ret >= 0)
		return ret;
	else
		return GNUTLS_E_PULL_ERROR;
}

static ssize_t ttls_push_func(gnutls_transport_ptr_t t, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
	int ret = pulse_eap_ttls_send(t, buf, len);
	if (ret >= 0)
		return ret;
	else
		return GNUTLS_E_PUSH_ERROR;
}

void *establish_eap_ttls(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	gnutls_session_t ttls_sess = NULL;
	int err;

	gnutls_init(&ttls_sess, GNUTLS_CLIENT);
	gnutls_session_set_ptr(ttls_sess, (void *) vpninfo);
	gnutls_transport_set_ptr(ttls_sess, (void *) vpninfo);

	gnutls_transport_set_push_function(ttls_sess, ttls_push_func);
	gnutls_transport_set_pull_function(ttls_sess, ttls_pull_func);
	gnutls_transport_set_pull_timeout_function(ttls_sess, ttls_pull_timeout_func);

	gnutls_credentials_set(ttls_sess, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE, vpninfo->https_cred);

	err = gnutls_priority_set_direct(ttls_sess,
				   vpninfo->ciphersuite_config, NULL);
	if (err < 0) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
			     _("Could not set ciphersuites: %s\n"), vpninfo->ciphersuite_config);
		goto fail;
	}

	err = gnutls_handshake(ttls_sess);
	if (!err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
			     _("Established EAP-TTLS session\n"));
		return ttls_sess;
	}

fail:
	gnutls_deinit(ttls_sess);
	return NULL;
}

void destroy_eap_ttls(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, void *sess)
{
	gnutls_deinit(sess);
}

static int generate_strap_key(gnutls_privkey_t *key, char **pubkey,
			      gnutls_datum_t *privder_in,
			      gnutls_datum_t *pubder)
{
	int bits, pk, err;
	gnutls_privkey_t lkey = NULL;
	gnutls_pubkey_t pkey = NULL;
	gnutls_datum_t pdata = { };
	struct oc_text_buf *buf = NULL;

#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030500
	pk = gnutls_ecc_curve_get_pk(GNUTLS_ECC_CURVE_SECP256R1);
#else
	pk = GNUTLS_PK_EC;
#endif
	bits = GNUTLS_CURVE_TO_BITS(GNUTLS_ECC_CURVE_SECP256R1);

	err = gnutls_privkey_init(&lkey);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	if (privder_in)
		err = gnutls_privkey_import_x509_raw(lkey, privder_in, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER,
						     NULL, 0);
	else
		err = gnutls_privkey_generate(lkey, pk, bits, 0);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = gnutls_pubkey_init(&pkey);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = gnutls_pubkey_import_privkey(pkey, lkey,
					   GNUTLS_KEY_KEY_AGREEMENT, 0);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = gnutls_pubkey_export2(pkey, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, &pdata);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	buf = buf_alloc();
	buf_append_base64(buf, pdata.data, pdata.size, 0);
	if (buf_error(buf)) {
		err = GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
		goto out;
	}

	gnutls_privkey_deinit(*key);
	*key = lkey;

	free(*pubkey);
	*pubkey = buf->data;
	buf->data = NULL;
 out:
	buf_free(buf);
	gnutls_pubkey_deinit(pkey);
	if (err) {
		gnutls_privkey_deinit(lkey);
		*key = NULL;
		*pubkey = NULL;
		pubder = NULL; /* So we don't return it... */
	}
	if (pubder)
		*pubder = pdata;
	else
		gnutls_free(pdata.data);

	return err;
}

int generate_strap_keys(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	int err;

	err = generate_strap_key(&vpninfo->strap_key, &vpninfo->strap_pubkey, NULL, NULL);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to generate STRAP key: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		free_strap_keys(vpninfo);
		return -EIO;
	}

	err = generate_strap_key(&vpninfo->strap_dh_key, &vpninfo->strap_dh_pubkey, NULL, NULL);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to generate STRAP DH key: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		free_strap_keys(vpninfo);
		return -EIO;
	}
	return 0;
}

void free_strap_keys(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
{
	if (vpninfo->strap_key)
		gnutls_privkey_deinit(vpninfo->strap_key);
	if (vpninfo->strap_dh_key)
		gnutls_privkey_deinit(vpninfo->strap_dh_key);

	vpninfo->strap_key = vpninfo->strap_dh_key = NULL;
}

#ifdef HAVE_HPKE_SUPPORT

#include <nettle/ecc.h>
#include <nettle/ecc-curve.h>

int ecdh_compute_secp256r1(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, const unsigned char *pubkey_der,
			   int pubkey_len, unsigned char *secret)
{
	int err, ret = -EIO;
	gnutls_pubkey_t pubkey;
	gnutls_datum_t d = { (void *)pubkey_der, pubkey_len };

	if ((err = gnutls_pubkey_init(&pubkey)) ||
	    (err = gnutls_pubkey_import(pubkey, &d, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER))) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to decode server DH key: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		goto out_pubkey;
	}

	/* Yay, we have to do ECDH for ourselves. */
	gnutls_datum_t pub_x, pub_y, priv_k;
	gnutls_ecc_curve_t pub_curve, priv_curve;

	if ((err = gnutls_privkey_export_ecc_raw(vpninfo->strap_dh_key, &priv_curve,
						 NULL, NULL, &priv_k))) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to export DH private key parameters: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		goto out_pubkey;
	}
	if ((err = gnutls_pubkey_export_ecc_raw(pubkey, &pub_curve, &pub_x, &pub_y))) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to export server DH key parameters: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		goto out_priv_data;
	}

	if (pub_curve != GNUTLS_ECC_CURVE_SECP256R1 ||
	    priv_curve != GNUTLS_ECC_CURVE_SECP256R1) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("HPKE uses unsupported EC curve (%d, %d)\n"),
			     pub_curve, priv_curve);
		goto out_pub_data;
	}

	mpz_t mx, my;
	nettle_mpz_init_set_str_256_u(mx, pub_x.size, pub_x.data);
	nettle_mpz_init_set_str_256_u(my, pub_y.size, pub_y.data);

	struct ecc_point point;
	ecc_point_init(&point, nettle_get_secp_256r1());
	if (!ecc_point_set(&point, mx, my)) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to create ECC public point for ECDH\n"));
		goto out_point;
	}

	mpz_t mk;
	nettle_mpz_init_set_str_256_u(mk, priv_k.size, priv_k.data);

	struct ecc_scalar priv;
	ecc_scalar_init(&priv, nettle_get_secp_256r1());
	ecc_scalar_set(&priv, mk);

	ecc_point_mul(&point, &priv, &point);
	ecc_point_get(&point, mx, my);

	nettle_mpz_get_str_256(32, secret, mx);

	ret = 0;

	ecc_scalar_clear(&priv);
	mpz_clear(mk);
 out_point:
	ecc_point_clear(&point);
	mpz_clear(mx);
	mpz_clear(my);
 out_pub_data:
	gnutls_free(pub_x.data);
	gnutls_free(pub_y.data);
 out_priv_data:
	gnutls_free(priv_k.data);
 out_pubkey:
	gnutls_pubkey_deinit(pubkey);

	return ret;
}

int hkdf_sha256_extract_expand(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, unsigned char *buf,
			       const unsigned char *info, int infolen)
{
	const gnutls_datum_t d = { buf, SHA256_SIZE };

	int err = gnutls_hkdf_extract(GNUTLS_MAC_SHA256, &d, NULL, buf);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("HKDF extract failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EIO;
	}

	const gnutls_datum_t info_d = { (unsigned char *)info, infolen };

	err = gnutls_hkdf_expand(GNUTLS_MAC_SHA256, &d, &info_d, d.data, d.size);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("HKDF expand failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EIO;
	}
	return 0;
}

int aes_256_gcm_decrypt(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, unsigned char *key,
			unsigned char *data, int len,
			unsigned char *iv, unsigned char *tag)
{
	gnutls_cipher_hd_t h = NULL;

	const gnutls_datum_t d = { key, SHA256_SIZE };
	const gnutls_datum_t iv_d = { iv, 12 };

	int err = gnutls_cipher_init(&h, GNUTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_GCM, &d, &iv_d);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to init AES-256-GCM cipher: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EIO;
	}

	err = gnutls_cipher_decrypt(h, data, len);
	if (err) {
	dec_fail:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("SSO token decryption failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		gnutls_cipher_deinit(h);
		return -EIO;
	}

	/* Reusing the key buffer to fetch the auth tag */
	err = gnutls_cipher_tag(h, d.data, 12);
	if (err)
		goto dec_fail;

	if (memcmp(d.data, tag, 12)) {
		err = GNUTLS_E_MAC_VERIFY_FAILED;
		goto dec_fail;
	}

	gnutls_cipher_deinit(h);
	return 0;
}

void append_strap_privkey(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			  struct oc_text_buf *buf)
{
	gnutls_x509_privkey_t xk = NULL;
	gnutls_datum_t d = { NULL, 0 };


	if (!gnutls_privkey_export_x509(vpninfo->strap_key, &xk) &&
	    !gnutls_x509_privkey_export2(xk, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, &d)) {
		buf_append_base64(buf, d.data, d.size, 0);
		gnutls_free(d.data);
	}
	gnutls_x509_privkey_deinit(xk);
}

int ingest_strap_privkey(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			 unsigned char *der, int len)
{
	gnutls_datum_t d = { der, len };

	int err = generate_strap_key(&vpninfo->strap_key, &vpninfo->strap_pubkey, &d, NULL);
	if (err) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to decode STRAP key: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		return -EIO;
	}
	return 0;
}

void append_strap_verify(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			 struct oc_text_buf *buf, int rekey)
{
	gnutls_privkey_t sign_key = vpninfo->strap_key;
	int err;

	/* Concatenate our Finished message with our pubkey to be signed */
	struct oc_text_buf *nonce = buf_alloc();
	buf_append_bytes(nonce, vpninfo->finished, vpninfo->finished_len);

	if (rekey) {
		/* We have a copy and we don't want it freed just yet */
		vpninfo->strap_key = NULL;

		gnutls_datum_t pubkey_der;
		err = generate_strap_key(&vpninfo->strap_key, &vpninfo->strap_pubkey,
					 NULL, &pubkey_der);
		if (err) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to regenerate STRAP key: %s\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			vpninfo->strap_key = sign_key;
			if (!buf_error(buf))
				buf->error = -EIO;
			buf_free(nonce);
			return;
		}
		buf_append_bytes(nonce, pubkey_der.data, pubkey_der.size);
		gnutls_free(pubkey_der.data);
	} else {
		int len;
		unsigned char *der = openconnect_base64_decode(&len, vpninfo->strap_pubkey);
		if (!der) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
				     _("Failed to generate STRAP key DER\n"));
			if (!buf_error(buf))
				buf->error = -EIO;
			buf_free(nonce);
			return;
		}
		buf_append_bytes(nonce, der, len);
		free(der);
	}

	err = GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
	if (buf_error(nonce)) {
		buf_free(nonce);
		goto fail;
	}

	gnutls_datum_t nd = { (void *)nonce->data, nonce->pos };
	gnutls_datum_t sig = { NULL, 0 };
	err = gnutls_privkey_sign_data(sign_key, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256,
					   0, &nd, &sig);
	if (rekey)
		gnutls_privkey_deinit(sign_key);
	buf_free(nonce);
	if (err) {
	fail:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, _("STRAP signature failed: %s\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		if (!buf_error(buf))
			buf->error = -EIO;
		return;
	}

	buf_append_base64(buf, sig.data, sig.size, 0);
	gnutls_free(sig.data);
}
#endif /* HAVE_HPKE_SUPPORT */

/**
  * multiple-client certificate authentication
  */
static int app_error(int err)
{
	if (err >= 0)
		return 0;

	switch (err) {
	case GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR:
		return -ENOMEM;
	case GNUTLS_E_ILLEGAL_PARAMETER:
	case GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST:
		return -EINVAL;
	case GNUTLS_E_CONSTRAINT_ERROR:
	case GNUTLS_E_UNSUPPORTED_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM:
	default:
		return -EIO;
	}
}

static int to_text_buf(struct oc_text_buf **bufp,
		       const gnutls_datum_t *datum)
{
	struct oc_text_buf *buf;

	*bufp = NULL;
	if (!(datum->size <= INT_MAX))
		return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;

	buf = buf_alloc();
	if (!buf)
		return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;

	buf_append_bytes(buf, datum->data, (int) datum->size);
	if (buf_error(buf) < 0)
		goto fail;

	*bufp = buf;
	return 0;

fail:
	buf_free(buf);
	return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
}

static int check_multicert_compat(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
				  struct cert_info *certinfo)
{
#ifndef GNUTLS_KP_ANY
#  define GNUTLS_KP_ANY			"2.5.29.37.0"
#endif
#ifndef GNUTLS_KP_TLS_WWW_CLIENT
#  define GNUTLS_KP_TLS_WWW_CLIENT      "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"
#endif
#ifndef GNUTLS_KP_MS_SMART_CARD_LOGON
#  define GNUTLS_KP_MS_SMART_CARD_LOGON "1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2"
#endif

#define MAX_OID 128
	char oid[MAX_OID];
	struct gtls_cert_info *gci = certinfo->priv_info;
	gnutls_x509_crt_t crt;
	unsigned int usage = 0, critical;
	gnutls_pk_algorithm_t pk;
	size_t kp;
	int err;

	/**
	 * Multiple certificate authentication protocol parametrizes the
	 * digest independently of the pk algorithm. Warn if the signature
	 * algorithm doesn't operate this way. Warn if this isn't so.
	 */

	crt = gci->certs[0];
	pk = gnutls_x509_crt_get_pk_algorithm(crt, NULL);
	switch (pk) {
	default:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
			     _("Certificate may be multiple certificate authentication incompatible.\n"));
		break;
	case GNUTLS_PK_RSA:
#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030600
	case GNUTLS_PK_RSA_PSS:
#endif
	case GNUTLS_PK_DSA:
#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030500
	case GNUTLS_PK_ECDSA:
#else
	case GNUTLS_PK_EC:
#endif
		break;
	}

	/**
	 * Now check if the certificate supports client authentication.
	 *
	 * extendedKeyUsage of either any, clientAuth, or msSmartcardLogin
	 * satisfy authentication purposes.
	 */

	for (kp = 0; ; kp++) {
		size_t oid_size = sizeof(oid);
		err = gnutls_x509_crt_get_key_purpose_oid(crt, kp,
							  oid, &oid_size,
							  &critical);
		if (err == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
			/* EOF */
			break;
		} else if (err == GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER) {
			/**
			 * The oids we are concerned with have length less than
		         * MAX_OID
		         */
			continue;
		} else if (err < 0) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
				     _("gnutls_x509_crt_get_key_purpose_oid: %s.\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
			return -1;
		}

		if (strcmp(oid, GNUTLS_KP_ANY) == 0 ||
		    strcmp(oid, GNUTLS_KP_TLS_WWW_CLIENT) == 0 ||
		    strcmp(oid, GNUTLS_KP_MS_SMART_CARD_LOGON) == 0)
			return 1;
	}

	/**
	 * The certificate does not specify extendedKeyUsage; try
	 * keyUsage.
	 */
	if (kp == 0) {
		/**
		 * keyUsage of digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, or
		 * both satisfy authenticatio.n
		 */
		err = gnutls_x509_crt_get_key_usage(crt, &usage, &critical);
		if (err < 0 && err != GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
				     _("gnutls_X509_crt_get_key_usage: %s.\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));
		}
		if (err < 0)
			usage = 0;

		if (usage&
		    (GNUTLS_KEY_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE|GNUTLS_KEY_NON_REPUDIATION))
			return 1;
	}

	/**
	 * extendedKeyUsage, keyUsage, or both are specified, but
	 * purposes are incompatible for authentication.
	 */
	if (kp > 0 || usage != 0) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
			     _("The certificate specifies key usages incompatible with authentication.\n"));
		return 0;
	}

	/**
	 * Found neither keyUsage nor extendedKeyUsage, defaults to any
	 * purpose.
	 */
	vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO,
		     _("Certificate doesn't specify key usage.\n"));

	return 1;
}

int export_certificate_pkcs7(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			     struct cert_info *certinfo,
			     cert_format_t format,
			     struct oc_text_buf **pp7b)
{
	struct gtls_cert_info *gci = certinfo->priv_info;
	gnutls_pkcs7_t pkcs7;
	gnutls_datum_t data;
	gnutls_x509_crt_fmt_t certform;
	int err;

	if (!gci) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Precondition failed %s[%s]:%d\n"),
			     __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	*pp7b = NULL;

	/**
	 * Note! The PKCS7 structure produced by GnuTLS and this code is
	 * different from protocol captures in three ways:
	 *
	 * x: The root certificate is not added.
	 *
	 * x: The first object of the signedData is a OBJECT IDENTIFIER
	 * digestedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 5), instead of OBJECT IDENTIFIER
	 * data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1) and zero-length * OCTET STRING.
	 *
	 * x: Certificates are ordered in ASN.1 canonical order instead of the
	 * order added. The practical consequence is the server must identity
	 * the user certificate (a certificate for which basicConstraints
	 * CA:TRUE is false) and reconstruct the certificate path.
	 *
	 * Testing has not shown that these differences are meaningful, but the
	 * future will tell.
	 */

	err = gnutls_pkcs7_init(&pkcs7);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	for (size_t i = 0, ncerts = gci->nr_certs; i < ncerts; i++) {
		err = gnutls_pkcs7_set_crt(pkcs7, gci->certs[i]);
		if (err < 0)
			goto error;
	}

	if (format == CERT_FORMAT_ASN1) {
		certform = GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER;
	} else if (format == CERT_FORMAT_PEM) {
		certform = GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM;
	} else {
		err = GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST;
		goto error;
	}

	err = gnutls_pkcs7_export2(pkcs7, certform, &data);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	err = to_text_buf(pp7b, &data);
	gnutls_free(data.data);
	if (err < 0) {
error:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to generate the PKCS#7 structure: %s.\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
	}

	gnutls_pkcs7_deinit(pkcs7);
	return app_error(err);
}

int multicert_sign_data(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo,
			struct cert_info *certinfo,
			unsigned int hashes,
			const void *data, size_t len,
			struct oc_text_buf **psig)
{
	static const struct {
		openconnect_hash_type id;
		gnutls_digest_algorithm_t hash;
	} hash_map[] = {
		{ OPENCONNECT_HASH_SHA512, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA512 },
		{ OPENCONNECT_HASH_SHA384, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA384 },
		{ OPENCONNECT_HASH_SHA256, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256 },
		{ OPENCONNECT_HASH_UNKNOWN, GNUTLS_DIG_UNKNOWN },
	};
	gnutls_datum_t datum = { (void *) data, len };
	gnutls_datum_t sign_data = { 0 };
	struct gtls_cert_info *gci = certinfo->priv_info;
	struct oc_text_buf *sig_buf = NULL;
	openconnect_hash_type hash;
	gnutls_pk_algorithm_t pk;
	gnutls_sign_algorithm_t sign;
	int ret, err;

	if (!(gci && data && len && psig)) {
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Precondition failed %s[%s]:%d.\n"),
			     __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	err = gnutls_x509_crt_get_pk_algorithm(gci->certs[0], NULL);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	pk = err;

	/**
	 * Sign data using hashes with decreasing hash size as
	 * Anyconnect prefers SHA2-512.
	 */
	for (size_t i = 0;
	     (hash = hash_map[i].id) != OPENCONNECT_HASH_UNKNOWN;
	     i++) {
		if ((hashes & MULTICERT_HASH_FLAG(hash)) == 0)
			continue;

		sign = gnutls_pk_to_sign(pk, hash_map[i].hash);

#if GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030600
		err = gnutls_privkey_sign_data2(gci->pkey,
						sign,
					/* flag */ 0, &datum, &sign_data);
#else
		err = gnutls_privkey_sign_data(gci->pkey,
				       gnutls_sign_get_hash_algorithm(sign),
				       /* flag */ 0, &datum, &sign_data);
#endif

		if (err < 0) {
			vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_DEBUG,
				     _("gnutls_privkey_sign_data: %s.\n"),
				     gnutls_strerror(err));

			if (err == GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST || err == GNUTLS_E_CONSTRAINT_ERROR)
				continue;

			goto error;
		}

		err = to_text_buf(&sig_buf, &sign_data);
		gnutls_free(sign_data.data);

		break;
	}

	/**
	 * Since we tested for compatibility when we loaded the certificate,
	 * this condition is unlikely to happen.
	 */
	if (hash == OPENCONNECT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
		err = GNUTLS_E_UNSUPPORTED_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM;

	if (err < 0) {
error:
		vpn_progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
			     _("Failed to sign data with second certificate: %s.\n"),
			     gnutls_strerror(err));
		ret = app_error(err);
		goto done;
	}

	*psig = sig_buf;
	ret = hash;

done:
	return ret;
}